Treaty of Ankara (1926)

The Treaty of Ankara (1926), also known as The Frontier Treaty of 1926 (Turkish: Ankara Anlaşması), was signed 5 June 1926 in Ankara by Turkey, United Kingdom and Iraq. The treaty aimed to solve the so-called "The Mosul question" by determining a mutually satisfactory borders between Turkey and Iraq and to regulate their neighbourly relations. One important aspect of the treaty was that Turkey would have the right to engage in militarily conflict in the border region in the event of it being destabilised. This sphere of influence which is beyond Turkey's modern boundaries mainly covers northern part of Iraq, notably the Mosul and Kirkuk region.[1][2][3]

See also: Treaty of Ankara (1921), Ankara Agreement, and Mosul Question
Treaty of Ankara (1926), commonly known as The Frontier Treaty of 1926
TypePeace treaty
ContextTurkish-Iraq border dispute and Turkish sphere of influence in northern Iraq.
Signed5th of June 1926
LocationAnkara
Signatories Tevfik Rüştü Aras
Ronald Lindsay
Nuri al-Said
Parties Turkey
 United Kingdom
 Iraq
LanguagesTurkish, English

The treaty
  • The Mosul province will belong to Iraq
  • The "Brussel line"[4] as adopted previously in 1924 as provisional border will act as the border between Turkey and Iraq.
  • 10% of the oil revenues from Mosul, Iraq will be given to Turkey for 25 years.
  • Turkey has received this payment for 4 years, and gives up on the remaining 21 years of payment in favour of a payment of £500,000 Sterlings from the United Kingdom.

Aftermath

"After the 1926 Treaty, relations between Turkey and Iraq gradually started to improve. In 1928, each side opened legations in the other's capitals and both countries presented their credentials. King Faisal and his ministers made a state visit to the Turkish capital in July 1931, and early in 1932, The Turco-Iraqi Treaties of Residence, Commerce, and Extradition was signed. Although, The Treaty of Bilateral Commerce and Friendship was signed between the Turkish and Iraqi governments in 1932, it was not approved by Britain, which shows the continuation of British control over Iraqi foreign policy after the mandate. In 1937, a non-aggression Treaty was signed with Iraq, called the Saadabad Pact."[2]

See also

References
  1. "Türkiye-İngiltere ve Irak Hükümetleri Beyninde Ankara'da 05.06.1926 Tarihinde Mün'akit Hudut ve Münasebat-ı Hasene-i Hemcivari Muahedenamesi". ua.mfa.gov.tr. 2017. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  2. ÇOŞAR, NEVİN (2004). "The Mosul Question and Turkish Republic:Before and after the frontier treaty, 1926" (PDF). Ankara University: 1, 44, 55, 59 – via Ankara University.
  3. "Treaty Between the United Kingdom and Iraq and Turkey Regarding the Settlement of the Frontier Between Turkey and Iraq, Together with Notes Exchanged". The American Journal of International Law. 21 (4): 136–143. 2018. doi:10.2307/2213009. JSTOR 2213009.
  4. Mısıroğlu, Kadir (1975). Musul Meselesi ve Irak Türkleri. Istanbul. p. 108.
  5. League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 190, pp. 22-27.
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