Tulsa Tribune

The Tulsa Tribune was an afternoon daily newspaper published in Tulsa, Oklahoma from 1919 to 1992. Owned and run by three generations of the Jones family, the Tribune closed in 1992 after the termination of its joint operating agreement with the morning Tulsa World.[1][2]

Tulsa Tribune Building
Tribune Building in 2012
Location20 East Archer Street
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Built1924
NRHP reference No.79003644
Added to NRHPJuly 16, 1979
Tulsa Tribune
TypeDaily newspaper
Owner(s)Richard Lloyd Jones, Sr., Jenkin Lloyd Jones, Richard Lloyd Jones, Jr.
Founder(s)Richard Lloyd Jones, Sr.
PublisherRichard Lloyd Jones, Sr.
EditorRichard Lloyd Jones,, Sr., Jenkin Lloyd Jones, Sr., Jenkin Lloyd Jones, Jr.
Launched1919
Political alignmentConservative
LanguageEnglish
Ceased publication1992
HeadquartersTulsa, Oklahoma

History

Antecedents

In 1895, a group of Tulsans established a publication called The New Era, intended to convey a more positive image of the then-small town than that found in the existing paper, The Indian Republican. Supporters of Democratic Party leader William Jennings Bryan, they changed the name of The New Era to The Democrat in 1898. The paper was unprofitable and the publisher, R. L. Lunsford, sold it to Dave Jesse, who established the Tulsa Democrat as a daily in 1904, and sold it to William Stryker in 1905.[3] Stryker sold the paper in 1916[3] (or 1915[4]) to Charles Page, founder of the neighboring city of Sand Springs, who used the newspaper to promote his plan for the city of Tulsa to obtain its water from Shell Creek, near Sand Springs, rather than from Spavinaw in eastern Oklahoma.[4]

Richard Lloyd Jones
Main article: Richard Lloyd Jones

In November 1919, the Tulsa Democrat had 21,682 subscribers. In December 1919, Page sold the newspaper to Richard Lloyd Jones, who had previously owned the Wisconsin State Journal in Madison, Wisconsin.[5] Jones changed the paper's name to Tulsa Tribune-Democrat; then, on January 19, 1920, he changed it again, to Tulsa Tribune.[1][2][3] As foreshadowed by this name change, the Tribune became a consistently Republican paper; it never endorsed a Democrat for U.S. president, and did not endorse a Democrat for governor until 1958.[2]

Richard Lloyd Jones (April 14, 1873 – December 4, 1963) was the son of an influential Unitarian minister, Jenkin Lloyd Jones.[6] He co-founded Tulsa's All Souls Unitarian Church, now one of the largest Unitarian Universalist churches in the world.[7][8] Jones commissioned his cousin, Frank Lloyd Wright, to build him a house in Tulsa; constructed in 1929, it is known as Westhope and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[2][9][10]

Tulsa race massacre

The May 31, 1921 edition of the Tribune included an inflammatory front-page story entitled "Nab Negro for Attacking Girl in Elevator", about what was later found to be an accidental encounter between a white elevator operator and a black teenager, Dick Rowland. The Tribune's story is frequently named as a contributing factor in the Tulsa race massacre that broke out on June 1, 1921 and led to the destruction of the then-prosperous African-American Greenwood business district.[11] It has been claimed that the same issue of the Tribune also contained a second article, or an editorial, reporting on plans by white residents to lynch Rowland. All originals of this edition of the newspaper were apparently destroyed, and the relevant pages are also missing from the microfilm copy, so the facts remain in dispute. Remain in dispute after the evidence was clearly destroyed?ef name="commission" />[12][13][14]

The Tribune was also known for its opposition to Oklahoma Governor Jack C. Walton, who in 1923 declared martial law as part of his efforts to investigate the Ku Klux Klan. Walton later placed a censor at the Tribune offices after it ran an advertisement encouraging Klan members to resist his declaration. Walton was ultimately impeached and removed from office for his declaration of absolute martial law, which forgo habeas corpus, illegal in the Oklahoma constitution.[15]

Later years

William P. Steven, who would become a notable American news executive, joined the Tulsa Tribune in 1930 as a cub reporter. In 1937, he was named as managing editor of the paper. He continued to work in Tulsa until 1941, when he was appointed to the United States Office of Censorship.[16]

In 1941 the Tribune entered into a joint operating agreement with the morning Tulsa World and established the Newspaper Printing Corporation. The two papers co-existed, sharing their advertising, printing and circulation departments, until 1992.[1][17]

Richard Lloyd Jones passed on control of the newspaper to his sons, Richard Lloyd Jones Jr. (February 22, 1909[18] – January 27, 1982[19]) and Jenkin Lloyd Jones, Sr.[17][20][21] – February 24, 2004.[22] In 1984 the Tribune's corporate owner merged with Swab-Fox Companies Inc., a diversified energy and real estate firm.[23]

Jenkin Lloyd Jones, Sr. was editor of the Tribune from 1941 to 1988, and publisher until 1991.[22] A number of other Jones family members served in different business and editorial capacities on the paper, including Jenkin's son, Jenkin Lloyd Jones, Jr., who was the last publisher and editor of the paper.[2]

Closing

By 1992, the Tribune's circulation was about 67,000, as compared the 128,000 daily circulation (238,000 on Sunday) of its competitor, the morning World.[17] The papers had renegotiated their joint operating agreement in 1981, and it was due to expire in 1996.[24] The Tribune had introduced a redesigned paper in October 1991 and was believed to be profitable, but negotiations for an extension of the joint operating agreement led instead to the World's July 31, 1992 announcement that it would not renew the agreement,[25] and the Tribune's announcement that it would close down, part of a nationwide trend away from afternoon newspapers.[17] The World paid the Tribune Company owner about $30 million for its share of the Newspaper Printing Corporation and other assets.[17] The Tribune printed its last edition on September 30, 1992.[25]

Notable staff

In addition to his positions at the Tribune, Jenkin Lloyd Jones, Sr., was a syndicated columnist whose column was carried in as many as 150 newspapers.[26] He was president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors in 1956, and president of the United States Chamber of Commerce in 1969.[22]

Joseph A. Brandt was the city editor of the Tribune in the 1920s before moving into academia as head of the University of Oklahoma Press and Princeton University Press (and, briefly, as President of the University of Oklahoma).[27] William P. Steven, who later held senior editor positions with the Minneapolis Star and Tribune, Houston Chronicle, and Chicago Daily News and Sun-Times, began his career with the Tulsa Tribune in 1930 and served as managing editor from 1937 to 1941, before moving to the newly formed Office of Censorship.[28] Other notable authors who worked at the Tulsa Tribune at some point in their careers included humorist H. Allen Smith, war correspondent Jim G. Lucas,[29] science writer Martin Gardner,[30] and sportswriter Mike Sowell.[31]

Tribune Building

The Tribune Building, at 20 East Archer Street, was built in 1924 and housed the Tribune until 1942.[32] It was the first building in Oklahoma built as a newspaper plant.[33] It subsequently served as a storage facility and as a mission for the homeless.[32][34] The building lay largely vacant from 1971 until 2001, when it was renovated and converted into loft apartments under the name Tribune Lofts.[32][35][36] The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria A and C on July 16, 1979. Its NRIS number is 79003644.[33]

References
  1. Linda D. Wilson, "Tulsa Tribune" at Oklahoma Historical Society Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Archived 2008-12-21 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved September 16, 2009).
  2. David Jones, "Jones Family Published the Tulsa Tribune", GTR Newspapers, June 17, 2007. Archived by WebCite on December 29, 2010.
  3. Janet Pearson, "The End of a Great Story: Tulsa Tribune Helped Shape City's History", Tulsa World, August 2, 1992.
  4. Gene Curtis, "Only in Oklahoma: Sand Springs founder helped others", Tulsa World, October 16, 2007.
  5. "Journal Delegation Now Publishing The Tulsa Tribune, Wisconsin State Journal, n.d., reproduced at Wisconsin Historical Society website (retrieved September 16, 2009).
  6. "Jenkin Lloyd Jones" Archived 2009-05-09 at the Wayback Machine at Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography (retrieved July 17, 2009).
  7. "Richard Lloyd Jones" Archived 2009-05-07 at the Wayback Machine at Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography (retrieved July 17, 2009).
  8. Marlin Lavanhar,"Tulsa, A Divinely Inspired City" in Davis D. Joyce and Fred R. Harris, eds., Alternative Oklahoma: contrarian views of the Sooner State (University of Oklahoma Press, 2007), ISBN 978-0-8061-3819-0, pp. 211-219.
  9. Thomas S. Hines, "The Wright Stuff", New York Times, September 16, 2009.
  10. Meryle Secrest, Frank Lloyd Wright: A Biography (reprint ed., University of Chicago Press, 1998), ISBN 978-0-226-74414-8, pp. 363ff. (excerpt available at Google Books).
  11. Tulsa Race Riot: A Report by the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 (February 28, 2001), pp.58-59.
  12. Scott Ellsworth, Death in a Promised Land (LSU Press, 1992), ISBN 978-0-8071-1767-5, pp. 47-48 (excerpt available at Google Books).
  13. Alfred L. Brophy, "Tulsa (Oklahoma) Riot of 1921" in Walter C. Rucker & James N. Upton, eds., Encyclopedia of American Race Riots (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), ISBN 978-0-313-33302-6, p. 654 (excerpt available at Google Books).
  14. Sam Howe Verhovek, "75 Years Later, Tulsa Confronts Its Race Riot", New York Times, May 31, 1996.
  15. Larry O'Dell, "Walton, John Calloway (1881-1949)" Archived 2014-12-16 at the Wayback Machine at Oklahoma Historical Society Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Archived 2008-12-21 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved September 16, 2009).
  16. Houston Chronicle. "William P. Steven, former Chronicle editor, dies at 82." August 10, 1991.
  17. "THE MEDIA BUSINESS; Yet Another Afternoon Daily Plans to Close", New York Times, August 3, 1992.
  18. "Richard Lloyd Jones to Address Convention", The Arizona Publisher, November 1966 (retrieved September 17, 2009)
  19. "Richard Jones Jr., 72; Chief of Tulsa Tribune", New York Times, January 29, 1982 (pay site).
  20. "1010 Walker Court, Living Room", reproduced at Wisconsin Historical Society website (retrieved September 25, 2009).
  21. David Jones, "Creation of `Rambler' column caps Jones career", Tulsa World, November 1, 1991.
  22. Clayton Bellamy, "Ex-Tulsa Editor Jenkin Lloyd Jones Sr. Dies", AP at Editor & Publisher, February 24, 2004.
  23. "Tribune to close Sept. 30", Tulsa World, September 30, 1992.
  24. "Tulsa Tribune to Print Final Edition Sept. 30", Los Angeles Times, August 2, 1992.
  25. Mary Hargrove, "When Your Paper Dies", American Journalism Review, December 1992.
  26. "Jenkin Lloyd Jones, Tribune publisher, dies", Tulsa World, February 25, 2004.
  27. "Sooner Back to Sooners", TIME, December 2, 1940.
  28. "William P. Steven, Newspaper Executive, 82", AP in New York Times, August 10, 1991.
  29. Elizabeth A. Brennan & Elizabeth C. Clarage, Who's Who of Pulitzer Prize Winners (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999), ISBN 1-57356-111-8, p. 331 (excerpt available at Google Books).
  30. Dana Richards, Martin Gardner: A Documentary, in Elwyn R. Berlekamp & Tom Rodgers, eds., The Mathemagician and Pied Puzzler: a Collection in Tribute to Martin Gardner (A K Peters, Ltd., 1999), ISBN 978-1-56881-075-1, p.5 (excerpt available at Google Books).
  31. Susan Jacoby, "Death on the Mound", New York Times, September 17, 1989.
  32. Kirby Lee Davis, "American Residential Group to transform Tulsa's Tribune Lofts", The Journal Record (Oklahoma City), November 28, 2007.
  33. "Buildings in the National Register of Historic Places: Tribune Building" at Tulsa Preservation Commission website (retrieved September 23, 2009).
  34. Gene Curtis, "Only in Oklahoma: Faith leads opera singer into mission work", Tulsa World, November 14, 2007.
  35. Robert Evatt, "Tribune Lofts may become condos", Tulsa World, December 4, 2007.
  36. The Tribune Lofts official website (retrieved September 23, 2009).
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