Turkish Hearths

Turkish Hearths (Turkish: Türk Ocakları) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Turkey. It was founded in 1912, during the last years of the Ottoman Empire, in a period when almost all non-Turkish elements had their own national committees, and Turkish Hearths was founded as a Turkish national committee.

History

First term

Following a meeting of the Young Turks, the Turkish nationalists, on 3 July 1911, the NGO was officially founded in İstanbul on 25 March 1912. According to the statute of Turkish Hearths, the activities were mostly concentrated on culture and education, raising the social, economic and intellectual level of the Turkish people for the perfection of the Turkish language and race.[1][2] It published books and magazines, offered courses to raise the Turkish nationalist heritage, founded clubs and organized literary and artistic performances. It also supported students with lodging and health care.[3] After the Russian revolution in 1917 the president of the Turkish Hearths, Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöver, also welcomed refugees of Turkic origin.[4] During the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923), Turkish Hearths supported the meetings held in İstanbul against the occupation of İstanbul. Some members of the organization were arrested by the Allies of World War I, and the activities of the Turkish Hearths were suspended up to 1922.

After the War of Independence, Turkish Hearths resumed its former activities with the support of the newly founded Turkish Republic. The Number of its branch offices increased from 135 in 1925 to 255 in 1930.[5] In 1927, the Turkish Hearths' building for the central committee was established in the Çağaloğlu neighborhood of Istanbul and inaugurated by Ismet Inönü, who was a member of the Turkish Hearths since 1917.[5] Later, the central office was moved from İstanbul to Ankara, and a spectacular building, the current building of State Art and Sculpture Museum, for the head office was built by using non governmental funds. However, in the 1930s, the organization lost its non-political character, and on 10 April 1931 it merged into the Republican People's Party (CHP), the ruling party of Turkey at that time. Its head office was handed over to Peoples' Houses, a state sponsored enlightenment project.[6]

Second term

On 10 May 1949, the organization was reestablished with non-political character. Although the Turkish Hearts was not as active as in the previous term, beginning by 1954, it increased its activities. After a compulsory pause during the military rule, it continued after 1984.

Activities
  • In 1924, the periodical Türk Yurdu ("Turkish Homeland") was published as an organ of the Turkish Hearths,[7]
  • Each year, a congress is held in another city, alternatively one for history and one for culture,
  • In 1988, a foundation for education and culture was established, by which scholarships to students from Turkic countries are offered,
  • Since 1987, people, who contributed to the studies on Turkish culture are awarded annually.

Presidents

The following were elected as the president of the Turkish Hearths:[8]

First term
Second term
  • 1949: Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöver (2nd term)
  • 1959: Osman Turan (1st term)
  • 1960: Necati Akder
  • 1961: Hamdullah Suphi Tanrıöver (3rd term)
  • 1966: Osman Turan (2nd term)
  • 1973: Emin Bilgiç
  • 1974: Orhan Düzgüneş
  • 1994: Sadi Somuncuoğlu
  • 1996: Nuri Gürgür
  • 2012: Mehmet Öz (in office)

References
  1. Landau, Jacob M. (1981). Pan-Turkism in Turkey. London: C. Hurst & Company. p. 40. ISBN 0905838572.
  2. Ada Holly Shissler. Between Two Empires: Ahmet Agaoglu and the New Turkey, I.B.Tauris, 2003, p. 159
  3. Landau, Jacob M. (1981). Pan-Turkism in Turkey. London: C. Hurst & Company. pp. 40–41. ISBN 0905838572.
  4. Landau, Jacob M. (1981). Pan-Turkism in Turkey. London: C. Hurst & Company. p. 41. ISBN 0905838572.
  5. Üngör, Uğur (2011), The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913–1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 182. ISBN 0-19-960360-X.
  6. Architecture page (in Turkish)
  7. Georgeon, François (1980). Aux origines du nationalisme Turc. Paris: Éditions A.D.P.F. p. 44. ISBN 2865380084.
  8. Presidents of Turkish Heaths (in Turkish)
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