Ugni molinae

Ugni molinae, commonly known as Chilean guava,[1] or strawberry myrtle,[1] is a shrub native to Chile and adjacent regions of southern Argentina. The local Spanish name is murta, and the Mapuche Native American name is "Uñi" or Uñiberry. It is in the same botanical family as the guava.

Not to be confused with Psidium cattleianum, also known as strawberry guava

Ugni molinae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Ugni
Species:
U. molinae
Binomial name
Ugni molinae
Synonyms[1]
  • Eugenia ugni Hook. & Arn.
  • Myrtus molinae Barnéoud ex Gay
  • Myrtus ugni Molina

The fruit is sometimes marketed as "Ugniberry", as "New Zealand cranberry" in New Zealand,[2] and the name "Tazziberry" has been trademarked in Australia,[3] but it is not a native plant to these countries.

Description

Ugni is a shrub from 30 cm to 170 cm tall with evergreen foliage. In some exceptional cases, the shrub can grow up to 3 m in height. The leaves are opposite, oval, 1–2 cm long and 1-1.5 cm broad, entire, glossy dark green, with a spicy scent if crushed. The flowers are drooping, 1 cm diameter with four or five white or pale pink petals and numerous short stamens; the fruit is a small red, white or purple berry 1 cm diameter. In its natural habitat; the Valdivian temperate rain forests the fruit matures in autumn from March to May.

History

It was first described by Juan Ignacio Molina (hence its name) in 1782. It was introduced to England in 1844 by the botanist and plant collector William Lobb, where it became a favorite fruit of Queen Victoria. It is also grown as an ornamental plant.

The fruit is cultivated to a small extent. The usage of the fruit in cuisine is limited to southern Chile where it grows. It is used to make the traditional liqueur Murtado that is made of aguardiente and sugar flavoured by conserving murtas inside the bottle. It is also used to make jam and the murta con membrillo dessert and in Kuchen.

References
  1. "Ugni molinae". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  2. "New Zealand Cranberry (Myrtus ugni)". Venture Southland.
  3. M. Forbes-Smith (2006). "TazziberryTM (Myrtus ugni) – Production protocols: A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation". Australian Government Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.
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