V538 Carinae

V538 Carinae is a variable star in the constellation of Carina, and a possible red supergiant. If this star replaced our sun in our solar system, its photosphere would at least engulf the orbit of Mars.

Not to be confused with V528 Carinae.
V538 Carinae
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Carina
Right ascension 11h 20m 06.2287s[1]
Declination −65° 15′ 07.134″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 7.7 - 9.2[2]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Red supergiant or AGB
Spectral type M3 II[3] or M3.8 Ib[4]
Variable type SRb[2]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ) RA: −6.197[1] mas/yr
Dec.: 0.522[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)0.1665 ± 0.0546[1] mas
Distanceapprox. 20,000 ly
(approx. 6,000 pc)
Details
Radius580[5][lower-alpha 1] - 2,264?[6] R☉
Luminosity30,600[5] L☉
Temperature3,302[1] K
Other designations
V538 Carinae, HD 98658, HIP 55355
Database references
SIMBADdata

Properties

V538 Carinae has a measured angular diameter of 3.4 mas.[7] Its distance is uncertain. At the Hipparcos distance of 1.33+5.81
−0.59 kpc, this corresponds to a radius of 580 R☉,[5] but at the distance implied by its Gaia Data Release 2 parallax, the radius would be around 1,900 R☉.[7] Calculations based on the Gaia DR2 parallax with temperatures and bolometric corrections inferred from Gaia colours give an even larger radius above 2,200 R☉.[6]

Some studies suggest that this star is a luminous AGB star and a long-period variable, instead of a supergiant.[8] It is classified in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars as a semiregular variable star of type SRb, indicating a cool pulsating giant star, with a possible period of 655 days. Its brightness varies between extremes of magnitude 7.7 and 9.2.[2]

Notes
  1. Applying the Stefan-Boltzmann Law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772 K:

References
  1. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1: B/gcvs. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  3. Pickles, A.; Depagne, É. (2010). "All-Sky Spectrally Matched UBVRI - ZY and u′ g′ r′ i′ z′ Magnitudes for Stars in the Tycho2 Catalog". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 122 (898): 1437. arXiv:1011.2020. Bibcode:2010PASP..122.1437P. doi:10.1086/657947. S2CID 54678796.
  4. Skiff, B. A. (2014). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications (Skiff, 2009-2016)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/Mk. Originally Published in: Lowell Observatory (October 2014). 1. Bibcode:2014yCat....1.2023S.
  5. McDonald, I.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Boyer, M. L. (2012). "Fundamental Parameters and Infrared Excesses of Hipparcos Stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 427 (1): 343–57. arXiv:1208.2037. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.427..343M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21873.x. S2CID 118665352.
  6. Stassun, Keivan G.; Oelkers, Ryan J.; Paegert, Martin; Torres, Guillermo; Pepper, Joshua; Lee, Nathan De; Collins, Kevin; Latham, David W.; Muirhead, Philip S.; Chittidi, Jay; Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara (2019-09-09). "The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (4): 138. arXiv:1905.10694. Bibcode:2019AJ....158..138S. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467. hdl:1721.1/124721. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 166227927.
  7. Cruzalèbes, P.; Petrov, R. G.; Robbe-Dubois, S.; Varga, J.; Burtscher, L.; Allouche, F.; Berio, P.; Hofmann, K. H.; Hron, J.; Jaffe, W.; Lagarde, S.; Lopez, B.; Matter, A.; Meilland, A.; Meisenheimer, K.; Millour, F.; Schertl, D. (2019). "A catalogue of stellar diameters and fluxes for mid-infrared interferometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 490 (3): 3158–3176. arXiv:1910.00542. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.490.3158C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2803. S2CID 203610229.
  8. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.
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