Varvara Rudneva

Varvara Kashevarova Rudneva (1844–1899), was a Russian Empire medical doctor.[1] She was the second woman in Russia to be a doctor and to obtain a degree in medicine (1876), after Nadezhda Suslova.[2] Her exam was thereby unique in Russia at the time and received much attention. Despite the ban against women studying at University, she was given a special dispensation to study for her willingness to treat women patients who refused to be treated by male doctors because of religious reasons.[3]

Varvara Rudneva
Born1844
Chausy, Mogilev Province, Russian Empire
Died1899 (aged 54–55)
Other namesVarvara Kashevarova Rudneva
OccupationPhysician
Known forFirst female medical doctor in Russia

Biography

Rudneva was born in the town of Chausy, Mogilev province. After her mother died, she moved to Velizh Vitebsk province with her father. In 1862, she finished training at the Midwifery Institute in St. Petersburg, and attended courses on detection and treatment of syphilis in Kalinkinskogo hospital in St. Petersburg. In 1863, she entered the St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy, becoming the first woman to be admitted to the Medical-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg, which she graduated in 1868 with a Diploma, specializing in obstetrics and gynecology, becoming the second woman to receive a medical degree in Russia. Kashevarova continued her education to postgraduate level. At first, Rudneva-Kashevarova was not allowed to defend her doctoral dissertation, despite the fact that she had published scientific articles, extracts from which were included in a number of obstetrics manuals. On May 25, 1876 Kashevarova-Rudneva defended her doctoral thesis, becoming the first woman in Russia to defend a doctoral thesis in Medicine. She specialized in obstetrics and gynecology, and her scientific articles were published in Russian and German scientific journals. Kashevarova was admitted to the "Society of Russian Doctors in St. Petersburg" - the first woman to be admitted to the medical society.

She died on January 30, 1899, and was buried in the cemetery of the Staro-Preobrazhensky monastery in Staraya Russa.

Publications
  • "A Chronic inflammation of the Decidua Membrane of the Uterus" (Medical Gazette, 1868) [4]
  • "About free abdominal bodies" (Virkhov's Archive, vol. 47) [5]
  • "The Doctrine of Placental Polyps" (Journal for Normal and Pathological Anatomy, 1873)[6]
  • Doctoral Thesis: "Materials for Pathological Anatomy of the Uterine Vagina" (1876) [7]
  • "Hygiene of the Female Body in All Phases of Life" (1892)


Legacy

Notes
  1. Evans Clements, Barbara (2012). A History of Women in Russia: From Earliest Times to the Present. Indiana University Press. p. 121. ISBN 9780253000972.
  2. Clyman, Toby W.; Vowles, Judith (1999). Russia Through Women's Eyes: Autobiographies from Tsarist Russia. Yale University Press. pp. 158–185. ISBN 9780300067545.
  3. Alpern Engel, Barbara (2004). Women in Russia. Cambridge. p. 75. ISBN 9780521003186.
  4. Валькова, Ольга (2018-11-28). Штурмуя цитадель науки. Женщины-ученые Российской империи (in Russian). Новое Литературное Обозрение. ISBN 978-5-4448-1058-3.
  5. "Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Статьи на букву "Р" (часть 39, Руб - Руд)". niv.ru. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
  6. Andreev, Alexander Alekseevich; Алексеевич, Aндреев Александр; Ostroushko, Anton Petrovich; Петрович, Остроушко Антон (2017-11-19). "KASHEVAROVA-RUDNEVA Varvara Alexandrovna - Russia's first woman doctor and a doctor of medicine (to the 175th of birthday)". Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery (in Russian). 10 (3): 255. doi:10.18499/2070-478X-2017-10-3-255. ISSN 2409-143X.
  7. Руднева, Варвара (1876). Матеріалы для патологической анатоміи маточнаго влагалища (Thesis thesis) (in Russian).
  8. Greeley, Ronald; Batson, Raymond (2001-11-29). The Compact NASA Atlas of the Solar System. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521806336.
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