Vice-voivode of Transylvania

The vice-voivode of Transylvania (Hungarian: erdélyi alvajda; Latin: vicevoyvada) was the deputy of the voivode of Transylvania in the Kingdom of Hungary. The office first appeared in contemporary sources in 1221. From the early 15th century, the voivodes rarely visited Transylvania, permanently leaving the administration of the counties to the vice-voivodes, who often belonged to their voivodes' allegiance.

List of vice-voivodes
Term Incumbent Voivode Notes Source
1221 Bocha Paul, son of Peter "vicarius [...] woyvodae" [1]
1278 Rubinus Hermán Finta Aba "vicevoyvada" [2]
1282 Nicholas Roland Borsa "vicevoyvoda Transsilvanus" [3]
1288–1291 Ladislaus Borsa "vicevoyouoda Transilvanus"; his deputy was Benedict [3]
1296 John Ladislaus Kán "vicewoywoda" [3]
b. 1300 Andrew Gyógyi mentioned as "former" vice-voivode in 1300; he possibly held the dignity simultaneously with Ladislaus Borsa [3]
1303–1314 Achilles Torockói first term [4]
1319–1320 Nicholas Vásári Dózsa Debreceni [4]
1321 Achilles Torockói second term [4]
1324–1330 Michael Zsuki Thomas Szécsényi also ispán of Kolozs County (1324) [4][5]
1334–1336 Simon Zsámboki [4]
1337–1342 Peter Derencsényi "the Nosed" [4]
1343–1344 Ladislaus Tolcsvai Nicholas Sirokai [6]
1345–1349 Peter Váradjai Stephen Lackfi first term; also castellan of Kecskés [6]
1351–1352 Egyed Tornai Nicholas Kont [6][7]
1352–1356 Stephen Ravasz [6][8]
1356–1359 Dominic Mocsk Andrew Lackfi [6][9]
1359–1368 Peter Váradjai Denis Lackfi,
then Nicholas Lackfi		 second term; also castellan of Hátszeg (1360); killed in the Wallachian campaign [6]
1369–1372 John Lépes Emeric Lackfi Pál Engel erroneously identified him as John Görbedi; appointed as vice-palatine in 1372 [6][10][11]
1372–1373 Ladislaus Derencsényi Stephen Lackfi
of Csáktornya		 son of Peter Derencsényi (1337–1342); Pál Engel incorrectly claimed that he was killed the Wallachian campaign of 1368 [12]
1374–1376 Ladislaus Nadabi, Sr. [13][14]
1376–1385 John Temesi Ladislaus Losonci first term [13]
1386 Stephen Fáncs Stephen Lackfi
of Csáktornya		 [13][15]
1386–1389 John Temesi Ladislaus Losonci second term [13]
1390–1392 Ladislaus his identification is uncertain [13]
1392–1393 Bartholomew Szobi Emeric Bebek [13]
1394–1395 Peter Verébi Frank Szécsényi [13]
1396 John Váradjai Stibor of Stiboricz son of Peter Váradjai (1345–1349; 1359–1368); killed in the Battle of Nicopolis [13]
1396–1401 John of Swerch [13]
1401–1402 Michael Nádasi Simon Szécsényi [13][16]
1402–1403 Lawrence Nadabi Nicholas Csáki &
Nicholas Marcali		 [13]
Stephen Nadabi son of Ladislaus Nadabi, Sr. (1374–1376)
1404–1408 Peter Sztrigyi John Tamási &
James Lack		 [17]
1404–1406 Ladislaus Nadányi
1406–1409 John Dobokai
1408–1409 John Geréb, Sr.
1410–1415 Ladislaus Nadabi, Jr. Stibor of Stiboricz,
then vacant		 son of Ladislaus Nadabi, Sr. (1374–1376) and brother of Stephen Nadabi (1402–1403) [17]
1415–1438 Roland Lépes Nicholas Csáki,
then Ladislaus Csáki,
then Peter Cseh		 nephew of John Lépes (1369–1372); ispán of Küküllő County (1434); Transylvanian peasant revolt broke out [17][18]
1437 Demetrius Pányi Peter Cseh alongside Roland Lépes (1415–1438) [17]
1439–1446 Nicholas Vízaknai Desiderius Losonci,
then Nicholas Jakcs & Michael Jakcs,
then Nicholas Újlaki & John Hunyadi		 first term; for John Hunyadi after 1441; appointed deputy governor of Transylvania in 1446 [17]
1441–1444 George Pongrác Nicholas Újlaki &
John Hunyadi		 for John Hunyadi, killed in the Battle of Varna [19]
1441 Peter Szerecsen for Nicholas Újlaki [19]
1441–1444 Ladislaus Buzlai for Nicholas Újlaki [19]
1443 George Csupor for John Hunyadi [19]
1444–1446 Gregory Bodó for Nicholas Újlaki [19]
1446–1450 Mark Herepei Nicholas Újlaki &
Emeric Bebek &
John Rozgonyi		 for Nicholas Újlaki [19]
1446–1449 George Balai for Emeric Bebek; titular vice-voivodeship after the Battle of Kosovo (1448), where Bebek was killed [19]
1447 Stephen Jánosi possibly for governor John Hunyadi [19]
1448 Nicholas Erdélyi possibly for governor John Hunyadi [19]
1449–1450 Michael Dormánházi for John Rozgonyi [19]
1450 John Geréb, Jr. son of John Geréb, Sr. (1408–1409); for governor John Hunyadi [19]
1450 Denis Veres for governor John Hunyadi [19]
1450–1460 George Rikalf for John Rozgonyi [19][20]
1452–1456 Bronisław of Zlibow for John Rozgonyi [19]
1456–1458 Stephen Kemény for the Hunyadi family [19][20]
1458–1460 Sigismund Sártványi John Rozgonyi &
Sebastian Rozgonyi &
Ladislaus Kanizsai &
Nicholas Kanizsai		 for the Rozgonyi family [21]
1458–1459 Farkas Szerdahelyi
1459–1462 Benedict Gibárt
1460 Nicholas Vízaknai second term
1461–1462 George Szentiványi
1462–1465 Nicholas Vízaknai John Pongrác third term [21]
Stephen Erdélyi first term; brother of Nicholas Erdélyi (1448)
1465–1467 Ladislaus Nádasdi Sigismund Szentgyörgyi &
John Szentgyörgyi &
Bertold Ellerbach		 [21]
1466–1467 John Illyei
1468–1472 John Rédei John Pongrác &
Nicholas Csupor		 [22]
Dominic Bethlen first term
1472 John Váradi
1474–1475 Peter Kis Blaise Magyar [22]
1475–1476 Dominic Bethlen John Pongrác second term [22]
1476 Stephen Erdélyi second term
1477 Dominic Bethlen Peter Geréb third term [22]
1477–1479 Anton Kendi
1482–1486 Stephen Horvát Stephen Báthory also vice-ispán of Zaránd County [23]
1483–1484 John Werbőczy "deputy of the voivode"
1486 Lazarus Zsoldos
1487–1493 Stephen Telegdi first term
1492 Michael Almási

See also

References
  1. Zsoldos 2011, p. 38.
  2. Zsoldos 2011, p. 39.
  3. Zsoldos 2011, p. 40.
  4. Engel 1996a, p. 11.
  5. Engel 1996a, p. 248.
  6. Engel 1996a, p. 12.
  7. Engel 1996b, p. 178.
  8. Engel 1996b, p. 179.
  9. Engel 1996b, p. 181.
  10. Hegyi & W. Kovács 2016, p. 153.
  11. Engel 1996b, p. 182.
  12. Hegyi & W. Kovács 2016, p. 159.
  13. Engel 1996a, p. 13.
  14. Engel 1996b, p. 183.
  15. Engel 1996b, p. 184.
  16. Hegyi & W. Kovács 2016, p. 162.
  17. Engel 1996a, p. 14.
  18. Engel 1996a, p. 220.
  19. Engel 1996a, p. 15.
  20. C. Tóth et al. 2016, p. 84.
  21. C. Tóth et al. 2016, p. 85.
  22. C. Tóth et al. 2016, p. 86.
  23. C. Tóth et al. 2016, p. 87.

Sources
  • C. Tóth, Norbert; Horváth, Richárd; Neumann, Tibor; Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2016). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1458–1526, I. Főpapok és bárók [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1458–1526, Volume I: Prelates and Barons] (in Hungarian). MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-4160-35-9.
  • Engel, Pál (1996a). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I. [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 963-8312-44-0.
  • Engel, Pál (1996b). "Néhány XIV. századi erdélyi alvajda származása [Origins of Some Vice-Voivodes of Transylvania from the 14th Century]". In Kovács, András; Sipos, Gábor; Tonk, Sándor (eds.). Emlékkönyv Jakó Zsigmond születésének nyolcvanadik évfordulójára (in Hungarian). Erdélyi Múzeum Egyesület. pp. 176–186. ISBN 973-96946-7-5.
  • Hegyi, Géza; W. Kovács, András (2016). "Néhány erdélyi alvajda azonosításáról [Identification of Some Vice-Voivodes of Transylvania]". In Dáné, Veronka; Lupescu-Makó, Mária; Sipos, Gábor (eds.). Testimonio litteratum. Tanulmányok Jakó Zsigmond tiszteletére (in Hungarian). Erdélyi Múzeum Egyesület. pp. 151–168. ISBN 978-606-739-054-4.
  • W. Kovács, András (2012). "Remarks on the Careers of the Vice-voivodes of Transylvania in the Late Middle Ages (1458–1526)". Transylvanian Review. Romanian Cultural Foundation. 21 (Suppl. no. 2): 103–138. ISSN 1221-1249.
  • Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3.
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