Villa Hügel

In 1864 Alfred Krupp purchased the Klosterbuschhof on the heights above Breydeney and had it rebuilt as a residence for his family. Over the following years, Krupp bought additional land around the estate and in 1869 placed an advertisement in Deutsche Bauzeitung looking for an architect who would turn his designs for a "large villa" into a viable blueprint. In the event, a number of architects worked on the project over the following years. Krupp himself continually intervened in the work with new ideas. His focus was very much on a modern and efficient house: design elements were secondary to him and he deemed most ornamental architectural features superfluous.[3]

The foundations were laid in April 1870 and up to 800 people worked on the construction project at a time. Since Alfred Krupp wanted a very modern home, the villa was intended to be fire-proof and well insulated from sun, wind, cold and heat. It featured double-paned windows, water heating and an early form of air conditioning. The temperature was intended to be independently adjustable for each room. A large complex of support buildings was erected nearby, including private water and gas works.[3]

Krupp pushed for a speedy completion, although the Franco-Prussian War and collapsing mining tunnels underneath the edifice slowed construction. On 10 January 1873, the family moved in; some of the technical features did not work as expected, however, so work continued after that.[3]

Alfred Krupp died in 1887. The family continued to use the Villa Hügel and Friedrich Alfred Krupp and his wife Margarethe made some significant changes to the house, adding sumptuous ornamentation. Among other heads of state and monarchs, Emperor Wilhelm II stayed at the Villa Hügel nine times. The current appearance of the villa is mostly due to the next generation of Krupps, Friedrich Alfred's daughter Bertha and her husband Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, who hired Ernst von Ihne to work on the building after 1912. He added wooden paneling to the interior and the owners furnished the villa with numerous works of art.[3]

An annex called the Little House (Kleines Haus) containing sixty rooms was used to confine Alfried Krupp in the aftermath of the Second World War.[4] Some parts of the villa were used to house members of the British post-war Control Commission, Germany (CCG) during 1946.

The house has 269 rooms and occupies 8,100 square meters (87,000 sq ft). It is situated in a 28-hectare (69-acre) park that overlooks the River Ruhr and the Baldeneysee.

The main complex consists of the three-storied Wohnhaus (‘residence’) – topped by a belvedere, which originally contained the air conditioning ducts – and a three-storied Logierhaus (‘lodging house’). The two were linked by a winter garden, now a two-storied building. The construction is supported by an iron framework, which was very modern for the time. The overall style of the original building was a very austere example of a late-Neoclassical villa; later changes added more ornamentation. The interior of the main building's ground and second floors is dominated by the main hall of over 400 square meters (4,300 sq ft). By contrast, the rooms of the first floor (which is not open to the public) were kept relatively simple.[3]

The Villa Hügel is open to the public. Its hall is the regular concert venue of Folkwang Kammerorchester Essen, a chamber orchestra; it is also used for exhibitions.

• Via Krupp, Italy: commissioned by Alfred Krupp's son

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Villa Hügel.

• Official site
• Report by WDR from 2015

Ruhr Industrial Heritage Trail