Viola decumbens

Viola decumbens is a small shrub with very fine granules on its green parts, and a woody base. The erect branching stems are up to 25 cm (9.8 in) high. It carries alternately set, slightly succulent, linear, green leaves 15–25 mm (0.59–0.98 in) long and ½—2 mm (0.02—0.08 in) wide with a pointed tip and an entire margin. The bracts (or stipules) to the right and left of the foot of the leaf proper are also linear, clinging to the leaf blade (or adnate), and with a small tooth on each side at the base.[1] The somewhat scented, nodding flowers[2] grow individually from the leaf axils on long flower stalks (or pedicels) so the flowers are above the leaves, with two small bracts almost opposite each other in the upper part of the stalk. The five sepals are narrowly oval in shape with a pointed tip and are 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long. The five petals are purple or violet, veined, with the four upper ones oblong and 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long, the lower one shorter and connected to a 2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in) long, tube-shaped, blunt spur. The orange anthers hang together (in jargon connivent), and two have extensions that reach into the spur and produce nectar. The ovary is globe-shaped, and later develops into an oval capsule 5–9 mm (0.20–0.35 in) long. The capsule contains oval yellow seeds 3 millimetres (0.12 in) long, with very fine granules.[1] Viola decumbens flowers from July right through to December in the southern hemisphere.[2]

The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus the Younger in 1782.[1] New research suggests it belongs to the section Xylinosium, together with two species from the Mediterranean: V. arborescens and V. saxifraga.[3] The species name decumbens refers to the fact that the stems are creeping at their base.[4]

Viola decumbens occurs only in the extreme south of the Western Cape, for instance in the Kogelberg en Hottentots Holland area.‹See Tfd›? It prefers moist sandy soils on low altitude slopes.[2]