Virginia Lottery

The Virginia Lottery is an independent agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia. It was created in 1987 when Virginians voted in favor of a state lottery. The first ticket was sold on September 20, 1988. All profits from Virginia Lottery ticket sales go to K-12 public education. In Fiscal Year 2020, the Lottery's profits totaled more than $595 million, accounting for approximately 10 percent of school funding in Virginia. That brought total Lottery profits in Virginia (from 1989 through June 2020) to more than $13 billion.[1]

Virginia Lottery
Agency overview
Formed1987
TypeIndependent
Headquarters600 E. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23219
Minister responsible
  • Kevin Hall, Executive Director
Parent agencyCommonwealth of Virginia
Websitewww.valottery.com

Daily draw games include Pick 3 and Pick 4, which are drawn twice daily, and Cash 5; with one drawing a day. The Virginia Lottery also offers numerous scratchers. It is one of 46 lotteries which sells Mega Millions tickets, and one of 47 offering Powerball. Cash4Life is nightly; Mega Millions is drawn Tuesdays and Fridays, while Powerball is drawn Wednesdays and Saturdays. Bank A Million is also drawn Wednesdays and Saturdays. The Lottery maintains elaborate security procedures to protect the integrity of its games.

The Lottery's headquarters is in downtown Richmond; additional customer service centers are in Abingdon, Farmville, Hampton, Harrisonburg, Henrico, Roanoke, and Woodbridge.

History

Lotteries date back to the earliest days of Virginia. "The Great Virginia Lottery" was held long before Virginia became a state. It began in 1612 to help raise funds for the struggling Jamestown Settlement; it raised £29,000 for the Virginia Company.[2] Lottery proceeds helped establish early universities (including Virginia's College of William and Mary and University of Virginia), churches, and libraries.[3]

Virginia voters approved a government-run lottery in 1987.[4] Before the vote, supporters of a lottery suggested a number of possible ways in which lottery profits could be designated in Virginia, such as education, transportation and Chesapeake Bay cleanup.[5] However, the referendum made no designation of how lottery profits would be spent. Sales began September 20, 1988. In 1989, the General Assembly directed Lottery proceeds to capital construction projects. From 1990 to 1998, the proceeds went to Virginia's General Fund. Starting in 1999, a provision in Virginia's budget called for all proceeds to be assigned exclusively to education. In November 2000, Virginia voters approved the creation of the State Lottery Proceeds Fund by an 83.5-point margin.[6] The measure, which is a permanent part of Virginia's Constitution, directs the General Assembly to use all Lottery profits for educational purposes. The Lottery does not control how its profits are spent.

Under Virginia law, all unclaimed prizes go to the Virginia Literary Fund, which is also used for educational purposes.[7] As of 2020, more than $309 million in unclaimed prizes have been transferred to the Literary Fund.[1]

The largest win in the Virginia Lottery's history to date occurred on February 20, 2004, when retired truck driver J. R. Triplett of Winchester won a Mega Millions jackpot worth $239 million.[8] Nine Mega Millions jackpots and one Powerball jackpot have been won in Virginia.

Governance

The Lottery is an independent agency, separate from the other branches of government.[9] The Lottery is headed by an Executive Director, who is appointed by the Governor.[10] Kevin Hall, former communications director and senior policy advisor for U.S. Sen. Mark R. Warner, is the fifth executive director in the Lottery's history. He was appointed in January 2018 by Gov. Ralph Northam. The department is governed by a seven-member board, with each member appointed by the Governor to serve a five-year term.[11]

In Fiscal Year 2020, Lottery sales were $2.149 billion. The lottery generated more than $595 million, or 27.7% of total sales, for public education, 61.3% went back to players as prizes, 5.6% was paid to retailers as sales commissions, and 5.4% covered the Lottery's operational expenses.[1]

The Lottery has a number of programs highlighting its connection to education in the Commonwealth. This includes the "Thank a Teacher" program, which began in 2016. Prior to that, the Super Teacher Awards ran for 10 years, ending in 2017.[12]

Games

The Virginia Lottery gives top-prize winners of certain games a choice of cash or annuity. When a Virginia top-prize winner of Mega Millions, Powerball or Cash4Life is claimed, the Lottery purchases sufficient U.S. Government bonds to cover the prize. (A cash option winner of Mega Millions or Powerball receives the "lump sum" in two installments as both games are offered by multiple lotteries.)[13] The actual cash value depends on the market value of the bonds on the date they are sold.[14] Federal laws require the Lottery to withhold Federal Income Tax on all prizes (whether lump sum or annuity) over $5,000.

Virginia Lottery sales are conducted by licensed retail businesses which receive a commission. Under state law, debit cards can be used to purchase Lottery tickets, but not credit cards.[15] The Lottery offers a subscription service for Mega Millions, Powerball and Cash4Life by automatic withdrawals from the subscriber's checking account.[16]

Virginia-only draw games

Within Virginia, the Lottery offers "Pick 3", "Pick 4," "Cash 5," "Bank a Million," "New Year's Millionaire Raffle," and "Keno."

Pick 3 and Pick 4

Virginia offers three- and four-digit games that are similar to those of other US lotteries. Both are drawn twice daily, at 2PM and 11PM. The maximum prize on a single $1 play are $500 in Pick 3 and $5,000 in Pick 4.[17][18][19][20]

Cash 5

Virginia's Cash 5 game draws five numbers from 1 to 41. The minimum ticket cost is $1. The top prize is a parimutuel jackpot that starts at $100,000 and grows until there is a 5-of-5 winner. Drawings are held on every night at 11PM. An additional "fast-play" element called EZ Match is available as an option (for an additional $1 per play). This will add numbers to be matched against the ticket for prizes up to $500.

Bank A Million

Bank A Million is a drawing game offering a top prize of $1,000,000 after the tax withholding. Drawings are held on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Players choose 6 of 40 numbers. The minimum bet is $2; however, players have the option of splitting the wager into two $1 plays or four 50-cent plays. The Lottery draws six numbers plus a Bonus Ball. The top prize (matching the first six numbers) on a $2 wager is $1,000,000; however the top prize is "taxes paid" (the actual prize, $1,408,451, is before withholding, which is to be reported for tax purposes; the after withholding amount is $1,000,000.) Top prizes on $1 and 50-cent wagers are proportionally smaller.

Virginia's New Year's Millionaire Raffle

Virginia's New Year's Millionaire Raffle is offered by the Lottery each year with a drawing on New Year's Day. In 2020, the raffle featured four $1 million top prizes, six $100,000 prizes, and 500 prizes of $500 each. A total of 500,000 tickets were available for sale.[21]

Keno

Keno is played like in many other lotteries and casinos. Players wager from $1 to $10 on 1 to 10 numbers of their choice out of a pool of 80 numbers for up to the next 20 drawings. The ticket they play applies to the next drawing(s), which occur at 4-minute intervals minus shutdown time for maintenance. Winnings depend on how many numbers were chosen, how many of those were matched, and the amount wagered, with a maximum prize of $1 million (by matching all the numbers in a 10-number $10 wager).[22]

Cash4Life
Main article: Cash4Life

Cash4Life is a drawing game currently offered in nine states, including Virginia. Tickets cost $2, and players pick 5 numbers from a pool of 60 and 1 "Cash Ball" number from a pool of 4. The top prize (for matching all numbers) is the choice of $365,000 a year for life or a $7,000,000 lump sum, subject to a liability limit (the original prize claim was for $1,000 a day but was changed in 2020 since, as a leap year, 2020 had 366 days). Drawings are held nightly at 9pm Eastern Time.[23][24][25]

Mega Millions
Main article: Mega Millions

Mega Millions is a drawing game played in Virginia and most other U. S. states (Virginia is one of the original six states to first offer the game in 1996 when it was known as "The Big Game"). Jackpots start at $20 million and grow with each drawing in which there is no jackpot winner. Drawings are held Tuesdays and Fridays.[26] Players select five numbers, 1 through 70, plus a Mega Ball number, 1 through 25. Players also have the option to use the Megaplier, which increases the ticket price by $1 each but raises the value of any non-jackpot prizes won. A ticket matching all six numbers win the jackpot. The jackpot is pari-mutuel, meaning that if multiple tickets match all six numbers, each of them receives an equal share of the total jackpot. Mega Millions jackpot are offered as an annuity, although a cash option is also available.

The odds of matching all six numbers to win the Mega Millions jackpot are 1 in 302,575,350. The odds of winning any prize are 1 in 24. Nine Mega Millions jackpots have been won in Virginia.[27]

Powerball
Main article: Powerball

Powerball is a drawing game in which players try to match five numbers from 1 through 69, plus a Powerball number from 1 through 26. A ticket that matches all six numbers wins the jackpot. Jackpot amounts begin at $20 million and grow with each drawing in which the jackpot is not won. Top-prize Powerball winners can choose cash in lieu of annuity payments. The jackpot is pari-mutuel, meaning that if multiple tickets match all six numbers, each of them receives an equal share of the total jackpot.

A basic Powerball ticket costs $2. The Power Play option adds $1 to the price of each ticket in a given playslip, so a Powerball ticket with Power Play costs $3 (up from $2). The odds of matching all six numbers to win the Powerball jackpot are 1 in 292,201,338. The odds of winning any prize are 1 in 25. One Powerball jackpot has been won in Virginia since the game first became available in the Commonwealth in 2010.[28]

Scratchers

From its inception, the Virginia Lottery has sold instant (scratcher) games. Originally, all scratch tickets were $1 each; in the mid-1990s, the first Bingo scratcher was introduced; each Bingo ticket cost $2. Eventually, higher-priced scratchers (including $3, $5, and $10) with larger prizes were introduced. Currently, the most expensive scratchers in common circulation are $30 each. All $30 currently in circulation and most $20 and $10 games offer a top prize of at least $1 million (annuitized). The highest prize offered in a scratcher is currently $10 million (annuitized): offered on select $30 games. There is also a $5 scratcher "Win a Spin," where select winners participate in a live television show to claim prizes of up to $500,000. Winners of scratcher annuity prizes of at least $1 million can choose cash (just as in the top prizes in Powerball, Mega Millions, or Cash4Life).

The Lottery also offers Print 'n Play games. As with traditional Lottery games, tickets are printed by the terminal; however as in scratchers, winning status are determined when the ticket is printed (there is no drawing). Originally called Fast Play with a continually-changing lineup of games at $2, $3, and $5 prices, each with its own rules and prizes, when it became Print 'n Play the lineup was simplified to the three most popular games—Bingo, Blackjack, and Crossword—and a new $10 tier was added for Bingo and Crossword.[29]

In 2019, Print 'n Play Rolling Jackpot was added. Unlike the other games, the top prize of this game is based on a rolling jackpot that builds as losing games are played. The game cam be played for $2, $5, or $10, with the top prize of each being 20%, 50%, and 100% of the jackpot, respectively. If a top prize is claimed, the jackpot is reduced accordingly and then, respectively, $10,000, $25,000, or $50,000 is added back in to ensure a minimum jackpot of $50,000 at any time.

Online gaming

Originally, all Virginia Lottery transactions had to be made at licensed lottery retailers with the exception of certain periodic gaming subscriptions mailed directly to the Lottery. In July 2018, the Virginia Lottery introduced an online application for smartphones. The app originally complemented retailing by providing winning numbers, a ticket checker, and mobile playslips that can be scanned by retailers to make wagering easier. In May 2019, MobilePlay e-Games were added to the app, primarily in response to the introduction of skill games from companies like Queen of Virginia Skill that competed with the Lottery.[30] Players now can add funds (loaded by a debit card, PayPal, bank account, or an Online Cash voucher purchased from a Lottery retailer) to an in-game wallet that is then used to play games on their phone. To preserve the requirement of being in the presence of retailers, MobilePlay could only be played while in the Bluetooth range of a Virginia Lottery terminal or self-service unit. In July 2020, the physical presence requirement was lifted, allowing games to be wagered and mobile games to be played by any Virginia resident. MobilePlay was changed into a new online gaming portal directly available on the lottery's website. At present, the online-only games and multi-state games (Cash4Life, Powerball, and Mega Millions) can be played on this new portal; other games are planned to be added at a later date. Online gaming access and wagering on the smartphone app was removed after this change, which also allowed the app to be distributed through Google Play (Originally, the app could not be published on Google Play due to its ability to gamble).[31]

Security

Virginia Lottery drawings are conducted under elaborate security protocols. The set of balls used for each drawing are randomly selected from a number of sets; and detailed records of "test" drawings are maintained to prevent systematic biases.[32] In addition, forging lottery tickets, or tampering with a Lottery drawing is a Class 5 felony.[33] All Virginia Lottery employees[34] and applicants to become Lottery sales agents[35] are fingerprinted and subject to criminal background checks.

Theft of Virginia Lottery tickets are investigated by both the Lottery Investigators and local law enforcement agencies.[36] Lottery Investigators are fully sworn Law Enforcement Officers. Per Virginia law[37] it vests the Director, the director of security, and investigators of the State Lottery Department with the powers of sheriffs in enforcing the statutes and regulations relating to the lottery.

Compulsive gambling
Main article: Problem gambling

The Virginia Lottery has an extensive Play Responsibly program aimed at informing people about problem gambling and gambling addiction. Virginia law requires that each ticket include a telephone number for a counseling service that addresses compulsive gambling.[38] That number links to the Virginia Problem Gambling Helpline, which is maintained the Virginia Council on Problem Gambling. The Lottery also includes information on compulsive gambling on its website.[39] and has produced Problem Gambling and Play Responsibly public service announcements for TV and radio. The Lottery supports National Problem Gambling Awareness Month.[40]

See also

References
  1. "Official Home of the Virginia Lottery". Virginia State Lottery. Archived from the original on 2012-09-14. Retrieved 2013-12-16.
  2. "Staff-Generated Report on Lotteries (History Section)". National Gambling Impact Study Commission. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
  3. "History of Gambling in the United States, Chapter 2". Archived from the original on 2010-09-10. Retrieved 2010-09-07.
  4. Schapiro, Jeff (Nov 4, 1987). "Virginia Lottery Coasts to Approval; Urban Areas Solidly Back Gaming Plan". Richmond Times – Dispatch – Richmond, Va. p. A1. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  5. "O'Brien says lottery supporters need to wage a strong campaign". Fredericksburg Free Lance-Star. April 2, 1987.
  6. "Virginia General Election – November 7, 2000". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on June 17, 2010. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
  7. Virginia Code § 58.1–4020.
  8. "Virginia couple wins huge lottery". NBC News. April 1, 2004. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  9. Virginia Code § 58.1–4003.
  10. Virginia Code § 58.1–4005.
  11. Virginia Code § 58.1–4004.
  12. "Super Teacher". Virginia State Lottery. Archived from the original on 2012-06-03. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  13. "Jackpot Prize Payment Election Form" (PDF). Virginia State Lottery. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-20. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  14. "What is "Cash Option"?". Virginia State Lottery. Archived from the original on 2010-02-06. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  15. Virginia Code § 58.1–4014.1.
  16. "Mega Millions and Win For Life: Subscribe!". Virginia State Lottery. Archived from the original on 2012-06-23. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  17. "Game Information: Pick 3". Virginia State Lottery. Archived from the original on 2012-06-08. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  18. "Lottery Official Rules". lottery.com. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
  19. "Game Information: Pick 4". Virginia State Lottery. Archived from the original on 2010-03-10. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  20. "Lottery Official Rules". lottery.com. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
  21. "Official Home of the Virginia Lottery". Virginia State Lottery. Archived from the original on 2012-04-16. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  22. "Keno in Virginia". Virginia State Lottery. Retrieved 2020-07-26.
  23. https://www.njlottery.com/en-us/drawgames/cash4life.html#tab-howToPlay
  24. https://livestream.com/Cash4Life/events/5051567
  25. "New York Lottery: Cash4Life". Nylottery.ny.gov. Retrieved 2014-06-25. (press release)
  26. "Mega Millions Official Home: History of the Game". Mega Millions. Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  27. http://www.megamillions.com/jackpot_history
  28. http://www.powerball.com/powerball/pb_stories
  29. Playbook, April 2016 - Virginia Lottery
  30. "Virginia Lottery introduces e-games for mobile app". WWBT NBC12. Retrieved 2020-07-26.
  31. "MobilePlay Changes". Virginia State Lottery. Retrieved 2020-07-26.
  32. "Security". Virginia State Lottery. Archived from the original on 2010-06-18. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  33. Virginia Code § 58.1–4018.1.
  34. Virginia Code § 58.1–4008.
  35. Virginia Code § 58.1–4009.
  36. Virginia Code § 9.1-101
  37. Virginia Code § 58.1-4006.
  38. Virginia Code § 58.1–4007.1.
  39. "Compulsive Gambling". Virginia State Lottery. Archived from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
  40. "Virginia Lottery Encourages Support of National Problem Gambling Awareness Week". Virginia State Lottery. March 8, 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-19.

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