Western Military District

The Western Military District (Russian: Западный военный округ) is a military district of Russia.

For the Western Special Military District of the Soviet Union, see Belorussian Military District.
Western Military District
Западный военный округ
Emblem of the Western Military District
Founded20 October 2010
Country Russia
TypeMilitary district
Part of Russian Armed Forces
HeadquartersGeneral Staff Building, Saint Petersburg
Decorations Order of Lenin
Commanders
Current
commander		Colonel General Alexander Zhuravlyov
Flag of Western Military District
Western Military District HQ at the Saint Petersburg General Staff Building

It is one of the five military districts of the Russian Armed Forces, with its jurisdiction primarily within the western central region of European Russia. The Western Military District was created as part of the 2008 military reforms, and founded by Presidential Decree №1144 signed on September 20, 2010, as an amalgamation of the Moscow Military District, Leningrad Military District and Kaliningrad Special Region.[1] The district began operation on October 20, 2010, under the command of Colonel-General Valery Gerasimov.

The Western Military District is the second smallest military district in Russia by geographic size. The district contains 26 federal subjects of Russia: Belgorod Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Ivanovo Oblast, Kaliningrad Oblast, Kaluga Oblast, Karelia, Kostroma Oblast, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Lipetsk Oblast, Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Oryol Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Ryazan Oblast, Saint Petersburg, Smolensk Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Tver Oblast, Tula Oblast, Vladimir Oblast, Vologda Oblast, Voronezh Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast. On 1 December 2014, the Arctic Joint Strategic Command was split off from the Western Military District, removing Arkhangelsk Oblast, Murmansk Oblast, Komi Republic, and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, as well as the Russian Navy's Baltic Fleet and Northern Fleet, from the district's command.[2][3]

The Western Military District is headquartered in the General Staff Building in Saint Petersburg, and its current district commander is Colonel-General Alexander Zhuravlyov, who has held the position since November 2018.[4]

History

On 26 February 2014, during the Crimean crisis, President Vladimir Putin ordered the Russian Armed Forces to be "put on alert in the Western Military District as well as units stationed with the 2nd Army Central Military District Command involved in aerospace defense, airborne troops and long-range military transport." Despite media speculation it was for in reaction to the events in Ukraine, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said it was unrelated to the unrest in Ukraine.[5]

In April 2017, it was reported by Defence Ministry that the 14th Army Corps had been transferred to the Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command.[6] It appears that this army corps, formed with its number in view of the World War II actions of the Soviet 14th Army, includes the 80th Motor Rifle Brigade (Arctic) and the 200th Motor Rifle Brigade.

In the September Zapad 2017 military exercise, a significant portion of troops from the Western Military District numbering 12,700 personnel were involved in Belarus, the Kaliningrad Region and Russia's other north-western areas as well.

A December 2018 Russian Ministry of Defense press release reported that an independent Spetsnaz company had been formed in a combined arms army of the district.[7]

Units
Russia's Comprehensive Security System Center in Saint Petersburg

Direct reporting units and formations

Muzyka 2020 lists a total of 21 direct reporting units and formations, but does not include the OGRF in Moldova, but does include Land Forces Command HQ, Moscow, and Joint Strategic Command - West at St Petersburg.

Muzkya 2020 does not include the:

1st Guards Tank Army

HQ: Odintsovo, Moscow Region (reinstated 2014)[13]

6th Army

HQ: Saint Petersburg

20th Guards Army
The bands of the Western Military District in their various uniforms.

HQ: Voronezh, Voronezh Oblast[14]

Russian Airborne Troops

Intelligence/Spetsnaz units and formations
  • 2nd Spetsnaz Brigade
  • 16th Spetsnaz Brigade (Tambov)[18]
  • 322nd Special Forces Training Center

Air Forces
  • 6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army (HQ: St.Petersburg)[31]
    • 105th Guards Composite Aviation Division
      • 159th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Petrozavodsk) (Two Squadrons: Su-35S)
      • 790th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Khotilovo) (Two Squadrons: MiG-31; One Squadron: Su-35)
      • 14th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (Kursk) (Two Squadrons: Su-30SM)
      • 47th Composite Aviation Regiment (Voronezh) (Two Squadrons: Su-34)
      • 4th Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron (Shatalovo) (Su-24MR)
    • Naval Aviation (drawn from 132nd Mixed Aviation Division - Kaliningrad)
      • 689th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (Two Squadrons: Su-27P - planned to re-equip with the Su-35[32])
      • 4th Naval Attack Aviation Regiment (One Squadron: Su-30SM; One Squadron: Su-24M)
    • 2nd Air Defence Division (St. Petersburg region)[33]
      • 1488th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Zelenogorsk - S-400 SAM system)
      • 1489th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Vaganovo - S-400/Pantsir SAM systems)
      • 1490th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Ulyanovka - S-400 SAMs)
      • 500th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Gostilitsy - S-400/Pantsir SAMs)
      • 1544th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Vladimirsky Lager - S-400 SAMs)
    • 32nd Air Defence Division[34]
      • 42nd Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Izhitsy - S-300PM2 surface-to-air missile system)
      • 108th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Voronezh - S-300PM2 SAMs)
    • 44th Air Defence Division of the Baltic Fleet (Kaliningrad region)[34]
      • 183rd Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Gvardeysk - S-400/S-300/Pantsir SAMs)
      • 1545th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Kruglovo - S-400 SAMs)
  • 1st Air Defence and Missile Defence Army (Special Command of Russian Aerospace Forces for air defence of Moscow - not subordinated to Western Military District)[34]
    • 4th Air Defence Division
      • 584th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Mar'ino - S-300PM SAMs)
      • 210th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Dubrovki - S-400/Pantsir SAMs)
      • 93rd Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Fun'kovo - S-400/S-300/Pantsir SAMs)
      • 612th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Krasnoznamensk - S-300 SAMs)
    • 202nd Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade (Naro-Fominsk - S-300 SAMs)
    • 5th Air Defence Division
      • 549th Ant-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Il'inskoye - S-400/Pantsir SAMs)
      • 614th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Pestovo - S-300 SAMs)
      • 629th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Elektrostal - S-300 SAMs)
      • 606th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Elektrostal - S-400/S-300/Pantsir SAMs)
    • 9th Anti-Ballistic Missile Defence Division (A-135 anti-ballistic missile system)[35]

Leadership
Western Military District commander Alexander Zhuravlyov (left) with Belarusian Defence Minister Andrei Ravkov (right) in Minsk.

Commanders
  • Colonel-General Valery Gerasimov (20 October 2010 – 28 October 2010 (acting))
  • Colonel-General Arkady Bakhin (28 October 2010 – 9 November 2012)
  • Colonel-General Anatoly Sidorov (24 December 2012 – 10 November 2015)
  • Colonel-General Andrey Kartapolov (10 November 2015 – 19 December 2016)
  • Lieutenant-General Viktor Astapov (19 December 2016 – April 2017 (acting))
  • Colonel-General Andrey Kartapolov (April 2017 – 30 July 2018)[36]
  • Lieutenant-General Viktor Astapov (30 July 2018 – November 2018 (acting))
  • Colonel-General Alexander Zhuravlyov (November 2018 – present)

Chiefs of Staff - First Deputy Commanders
  • Admiral Nikolai Maksimov (28 October 2010 – October 2012)
  • Lieutenant-General Andrey Kartapolov (December 2012 – 21 June 2014)
  • Lieutenant-General Viktor Astapov (21 June 2014 – November 2018)
  • Lieutenant-General Aleksey Zavizon (November 2018 – present)

References
  1. "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 20 сентября 2010 года № 1144 «О военно-административном делении Российской Федерации»". Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2014-11-29.
  2. Создано новое стратегическое командование Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 1 December 2014.
  3. Северный флот возьмет Арктику под постоянный контроль Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 31 May 2017.
  4. "Бывший командующий российскими войсками в Сирии возглавил Западный военный округ" (in Russian). Kommersant. 10 November 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  5. Alpert, Lukas I. "Russia Orders Military Exercises Amid Ukraine Tension". The Wall Street Journal.
  6. bmpd (2017-04-22). "В составе объединенного стратегического командования "Север" сформирован 14-й армейский корпус". bmpd. Retrieved 2017-06-16.
  7. "В состав общевойсковой армии ЗВО вошло подразделение специального назначения" [Spetsnaz unit included in Western Military District combined arms army] (in Russian). Press Service of the Western Military District. 19 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  8. Muzyka, 2020 & 27.
  9. Galeotti, Mark (2017). The Modern Russian Army 1992–2016. Elite 217. Oxford: Osprey. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-47281-908-6.
  10. Muzyka, 2020 & 26.
  11. Konrad Muzyka (Rochan Consulting) (December 2020). "Russian Forces in the Western Military District" (PDF). CNA Corporation. p. 24.
  12. Ramm, Alexey; Andreev, Evgeny. "Минобороны вернуло "надувной" полк". Izvestia. Inews. Retrieved 20 December 2017. and "The Russian Camouflage Regiment". OE Watch. 07 (10): 20–21. November 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  13. http://www.vz.ru/society/2015/6/1/748541.print.html
  14. (PDF) https://www.criticalthreats.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Russian-Ground-Forces-OOB_ISW-CTP-1.pdf. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  15. "Две новые дивизии ЗВО и ЮВО полностью обустроят в мае 2017 года". РИА Новости (in Russian). 11 November 2016. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
  16. "В Воронежской области сформирована новая танковая бригада" [New armored brigade formed in Voronezh region]. lenta.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-02-07.
  17. "Новая танковая бригада пополнила состав войск Западного военного округа" [New Tank Brigade has expanded the composition of the Western Military District]. Interfax.ru (in Russian). 14 September 2015. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
  18. https://voinskayachast.net/suhoputnie-voyska/specialnie/vch54607
  19. https://tass.com/defense/1232041
  20. https://www.militarynews.ru/story.asp?rid=1&nid=506496&lang=RU
  21. https://www.overtdefense.com/2019/10/02/modernized-artillery-for-russian-forces-in-kaliningrad/
  22. https://tass.com/defense/1080523
  23. https://romeosquared.eu/2020/04/06/a-look-at-the-defense-of-kaliningrad/
  24. http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Russian%20Ground%20Forces%20OOB_ISW%20CTP_0.pdf
  25. https://iz.ru/680351/nikolai-surkov-aleksei-ramm-evgenii-dmitriev/poberezhe-rossii-prikryli-raketnye-monstry
  26. https://romeosquared.eu/2020/04/06/a-look-at-the-defense-of-kaliningrad/
  27. https://romeosquared.eu/2020/04/06/a-look-at-the-defense-of-kaliningrad/
  28. https://romeosquared.eu/2020/04/06/a-look-at-the-defense-of-kaliningrad/
  29. https://www.defencetalk.com/russian-to-deploy-s-300v4-air-defense-missile-systems-to-kaliningrad-region-69835/
  30. http://aei.pitt.edu/102361/1/Report_Fortress_Kaliningrad_net_0.pdf
  31. http://www.easternorbat.com/html/russian_air_force_eng.html
  32. https://warsawinstitute.org/russia-strengthens-forces-baltic-sea/
  33. https://www.gfsis.org/maps/russian-military-forces
  34. https://www.gfsis.org/maps/russian-military-forces
  35. https://www.defense.gov/Explore/News/Article/Article/2291331/missile-defense-becomes-part-of-great-power-competition/
  36. Milenin, Andrei (20 September 2016). "Александр Дворников назначен командующим войсками ЮВО" [Aleksandr Dvornikov appointed commander of the Southern Military District]. Isvestia (in Russian). Retrieved 2 October 2016.

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