William Alexander Richardson

William Alexander Richardson (January 16, 1811 – December 27, 1875) was a prominent Illinois Democratic politician before and during the American Civil War.

William Alexander Richardson
United States Senator from Illinois
In office January 12, 1863 – March 3, 1865
Preceded by	Orville H. Browning
Succeeded by	Richard Yates
5th Governor of Nebraska Territory
In office January 12, 1858 – December 5, 1858
President	James Buchanan
Preceded by	Thomas B. Cuming
Succeeded by	Julius Sterling Morton
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 5th district
In office March 4, 1861 – January 12, 1863
Preceded by	Isaac N. Morris
Succeeded by	Owen Lovejoy
In office December 6, 1847 – August 25, 1856
Preceded by	Stephen A. Douglas
Succeeded by	Jacob C. Davis
12th Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives
In office December 5, 1842 – December 2, 1844
Preceded by	Samuel Hackleton
Succeeded by	Newton Cloud
Member of the Illinois Senate
In office 1838-1842
Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
In office 1836–1838 1844–1846
Personal details
Born	(1811-01-16)January 16, 1811 Lexington, Kentucky, US
Died	December 27, 1875(1875-12-27) (aged 64) Quincy, Illinois, US
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	Centre College Transylvania University
Profession	Politician, Lawyer
Military service
Branch/service	United States Army
Rank	Major
Battles/wars	Mexican–American War

Born near Lexington, Kentucky, Richardson attended Transylvania University, and then proceeded to teach school and study law. He passed the bar exam in 1831 and started his practice in Shelbyville, Illinois. He was an attorney for the state from 1834 to 1835, and was elected representative to the state house, serving from 1836 to 1838. He moved over to the state senate from 1838 to 1842, and then back to the house again from 1844 to 1846, briefly serving as speaker of the lower house during his last term. He was a presidential elector in 1844 for the Democrats.

Richardson enlisted as a captain in the U.S. Army during the Mexican–American War, and was promoted to the rank of major. After the war, he moved to Quincy, Illinois, and then was elected to the 30th Congress to fill Stephen A. Douglas's seat. He was then reelected to the 31st, 32nd, 33rd, and 34th Congresses for the same seat (1847 to 1856).

During his time in the House of Representatives, he was the Chairman of the Committee on Territories (32nd–33rd Congresses). He resigned in August 1856 to run for Governor of Illinois. He narrowly lost to fellow representative, and first nominee of the newly established Republican Party William H. Bissell. Richardson took most of south Illinois while Bissell won most of north Illinois, and a couple of counties in the southern part of the state. Bissell won by 4,697 votes (slightly less than 2% of the vote).[1]

After being defeated, Richardson was appointed by President James Buchanan as the Governor of the Nebraska Territory for most of 1858. Richardson resigned near the end of the year.

He was a delegate to 1860 Democratic National Convention from Illinois. He then came back to Washington D.C. as a member of the 37th Congress in 1861. In 1863, he was elected to fill Stephen Douglas's old seat in the United States Senate, defeating incumbent Republican Orville Browning. He was not renominated in 1865 and spent the rest of his life engaged in newspaper work.

He died on December 27, 1875 in Quincy, Illinois, where he is buried.

Richardson County, Nebraska is named after him.