William Henry Hudson

Hudson was born in Quilmes, a few miles southeast of Buenos Aires, Argentina.[lower-alpha 1] He was the son of Daniel Hudson and his wife Catherine (née Kemble), United States settlers of English and Irish origin.

In 1846 the family established a pulpería further south, in the surroundings of Chascomús, not far from the lake of the same name.[1] In this natural environment, Hudson spent his youth studying the local flora and fauna and observing both natural and human dramas on what was then a lawless frontier, while publishing his ornithological work in Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society initially in an English mingled with Spanish idioms. He had a special love for Patagonia.

Hudson settled in England during 1874, taking up residence at St Luke's Road in Bayswater,[2] where he continued to live for most of his life; in 1876 he married his landlady, the former singer Emily Wingrave, in Kensington, London.[3] She was his senior by some years,(sources differ). He supported himself as a writer and journalist; the couple had no children. Hudson himself obtained British citizenship in 1889.[4] Hudson died in Kensington in 1922,[5] and was buried in Broadwater and Worthing Cemetery, Worthing on 22 August 1922, next to his wife who had died early in 1921.[6][lower-alpha 2]

Hudson was a friend of the late nineteenth century English author George Gissing, whom he met in 1889. They corresponded up until the latter's death in 1903, occasionally exchanging their publications, discussing literary and scientific matters and commenting on their respective access to books and newspapers, a matter of supreme importance to Gissing.[7]

After his wife became an invalid and moved, in 1911, to Worthing in Sussex, England, Hudson lived apart from his wife "for reasons of his own health", though it is clear from their abundant surviving correspondence that he visited frequently, and they remained on affectionate terms.[3]

He produced a series of ornithological studies, including Argentine Ornithology (1888–1899) and British Birds (1895), and later achieved fame with his books on the English countryside, including Hampshire Days (1903), Afoot in England (1909) and A Shepherd's Life (1910), which helped foster the back-to-nature movement of the 1920s and 1930s and was set in Wiltshire.

Hudson's best-known novel is Green Mansions (1904), and his best-known non-fiction is Far Away and Long Ago (1918), which was made into a film.

Hudson was an advocate of Lamarckian evolution. He was a critic of Darwinism and defended vitalism. He was influenced by the non-Darwinian evolutionary writings of Samuel Butler.[8][9] He was an early member of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.

The Hudson Memorial Bird Sanctuary in Hyde Park, London includes a carved stone memorial by Sir Jacob Epstein representing Rima, the child goddess of nature, who featured in Hudson's novel Green Mansions. The engravings are by the designer Eric Gill.

Ernest Hemingway referred to Hudson's The Purple Land (1885) in his novel The Sun Also Rises, and to Far Away and Long Ago in his posthumous novel The Garden of Eden (1986). He listed Far Away and Long Ago in a suggested reading list for a young writer.[10]

James Rebanks' 2015 book The Shepherd's Life about a Lake District farmer was inspired by Hudson's work of the same name: "But even more than Orwell or Hemingway, W.H. Hudson turned me into a book obsessive ..." (p. 115), and: "One day, I pulled A Shepherd's Life by W.H. Hudson from the bookcase ...and the sudden life-changing realization it gave me that we could be in books - great books." (p. 114)

In Argentina, Hudson is considered to belong to the national literature as Guillermo Enrique Hudson, the Spanish version of his name. A town in Berazategui Partido and several other public places and institutions are named after him. The town of Hudson in Buenos Aires Province is named for him.

• The Purple Land that England Lost: Travels and Adventures in the Banda Oriental, South America (1885)
• A Crystal Age (1887)
• Argentine Ornithology (1888)
• Fan–The Story of a Young Girl's Life (1892), as Henry Harford
• The Naturalist in la Plata (1892)
• Idle Days in Patagonia (1893)
• Birds in a Village (1893)[11]
• Lost British Birds (1894), pamphlet
• British Birds (1895), with a chapter by Frank Evers Beddard
• Osprey; or, Egrets and Aigrettes (1896)
• Birds in London (1898)
• Nature in Downland (1900)
• Birds and Man (1901)
• El Ombú (1902),[12] stories; later South American Sketches
• Hampshire Days (1903)
• Green Mansions: A Romance of the Tropical Forest (1904)
• A Little Boy Lost (1905)
• Land's End. A Naturalist's Impressions in West Cornwall (1908)
• Afoot in England (1909)
• A Shepherd's Life: Impressions of the South Wiltshire Downs (1910)
• Adventures Among Birds (1913)[13]
• Tales of the Pampas (1916)
• Far Away and Long Ago - A History of My Early Life (1918; new edition by Eland, 2005)
• The Book of a Naturalist (1919)
• Birds in Town and Village (1919)
• Birds of La Plata (1920) two volumes
• Dead Man's Plack and An Old Thorn (1920) - see Dead Man's Plack
• A Traveller in Little Things (1921)
• Tired Traveller (1921), essay
• Seagulls In London. Why They Took To Coming To Town (1922), essay
• Hind in Richmond Park (1922)
• The Collected Works (1922–23), 24 volumes
• 153 Letters from W.H. Hudson (1923), edited by Edward Garnett
• Rare Vanishing & Lost British Birds (1923)
• Ralph Herne (1923)
• Men, Books and Birds (1925)
• The Disappointed Squirrel (1925) from The Book of a Naturalist
• Mary's Little Lamb (1929)
• South American Romances (1930) The Purple Land; Green Mansions; El Ombú
• W.H. Hudson's Letters to R. B. Cunninghame Graham (Golden Cockerel Press 1941; about R. B. Cunninghame Graham)
• Tales of the Gauchos (1946)
• Letters on the Ornithology of Buenos Ayres (1951), edited by David W. Dewar
• Diary Concerning his Voyage from Buenos Aires to Southampton on the Ebro (1958)
• Gauchos of the Pampas and Their Horses (1963), stories, with R.B. Cunninghame Graham
• English Birds and Green Places: Selected Writings (1964) ISBN 0-575-07207-5
• Birds of A Feather: Unpublished Letters of W.H. Hudson (1981), edited by D. Shrubsall
• Landscapes and Literati: Unpublished letters of W.H. Hudson and George Gissing (1985), edited by Dennis Shrubsall and Pierre Coustillas

Wikisource has original works written by or about: William Henry Hudson

• Works by William Henry Hudson at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about William Henry Hudson at Internet Archive
• Works by William Henry Hudson at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Tales of the Pampas (El Ombú and Other Stories), illustrated 1939.
• William Henry Hudson at Find a Grave
• Reserva Hudson
• Archival Material at Leeds University Library
• W. H. Hudson at Library of Congress Authorities, with 202 catalogue records
• The Papers of William Henry Hudson at Dartmouth College Library