Yarn Market, Dunster

The Yarn Market in Dunster, Somerset, England was built in the early 17th century. It has been designated as a Grade I listed building and scheduled monument.[1][2][3] Dunster was an important market place in the Middle Ages particularly following the construction of Dunster Castle and the establishment of the Priory Church of St George.

Yarn Market
The Yarn Market, Dunster
LocationDunster, Somerset, England
Coordinates51°11′04″N 3°26′39″W
Builtc. 1600
Rebuilt1647
Governing bodyNational Trust
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameYarn Market
Designated22 May 1969[1]
Reference no.264694
Reference no.Somerset County No 32
Location of Yarn Market in Somerset

The market cross was probably built in 1609 by the Luttrell family who were the local lords of the manor to maintain the importance of the village as a market, particularly for wool and cloth. It still bears the damage caused by cannon fire in the Civil War. Nearby was an older cross known as the Butter Cross which has subsequently been moved to the outskirts of the village. The Yarn Market is an octagonal building constructed around a central pier. The tiled roof provides shelter from the rain.

History

Dunster Castle stands on a site which has been fortified since the late Anglo-Saxon period, signifying the importance of the area.[4] After the Norman conquest of England in the 11th century, William de Mohun constructed a timber castle on the site as part of the pacification of Somerset.[5]

A stone shell keep was built on the motte by the start of the 12th century, and the castle survived a siege during the early years of the Anarchy. At the end of the 14th century the de Mohuns sold the castle to the Luttrell family.[6]

Dunster had become a centre for woollen and clothing production by the 13th century, with the market dating back to at least 1222, and a particular kind of kersey or broadcloth became known as 'Dunsters'.[4][7] The prosperity of Dunster was based on the wool trade, with profits helping to pay for the construction of the tower of the Priory Church of St George and provide other amenities. By the 15th century the importance of the town was declining particularly due to the silting up of the harbour.[4] The Luttrell's wanted to maintain the importance as a market and in 1609 George Luttrell, of the Luttrell family constructed the market to shelter traders and their wares from the rain and provide more security for their wares.[4][8] The exact date of construction is debated and a variety of dates are given in different sources, however 1609 is considered the most likely.[3][4]

A second market cross, known as the Butter Cross, which was built in the 15th century used to stand near the Yarn Market but was moved to the outskirts of the village in the 18th or 19th centuries.[9][10][11] The Yarn Market is in the guardianship of English Heritage but is managed by the National Trust.[12] In 1951 the Ministry of Works took over various properties including the Yarn Market from the Crown Estate. They carried out restoration works, however this was controversial as the shape of the roof was changed to more closely resemble the appearance of the original building, rather than that produced by subsequent revisions.[13]

Architecture
View of the supporting structure of the roof

The octagonal building, which is 9.4 metres (31 ft) in diameter, has a central stone pier which supports a heavy timber framework for the structure.[14] The slate roof has a central wooden lantern topped by a weather vane.[1] The roof is interrupted by a series of dormer windows.[15] Around the periphery is a low wall and vertical timber supports.[2] Some of the sills are stone and others timber.[3]

One of the roof beams has a hole in it, a result of cannon fire in the Civil War, when Dunster Castle was a besieged Royalist stronghold for five months under the command of Colonel Wyndham.[16] Following the damage, it was restored in 1647 to its present condition by Francis Luttrell.[3]

The building was the inspiration for the Rest House, on Bournville Village Green in Birmingham, which was built in 1914 to commemorate the silver wedding anniversary of Mr and Mrs George Cadbury.[17]

See also

References
  1. Historic England. "Yarn Market (1173428)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 August 2007.
  2. Historic England. "Yarn Market (1173428)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  3. Historic England. "The Yarn Market (1015706)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  4. Gathercole, Clare. "Dunster" (PDF). The Somerset Urban Archaeological Survey. Somerset County Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  5. Prior, Stuart. (2006) The Norman Art of War: a Few Well-Positioned Castles. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-3651-1.
  6. Garnett, Oliver. (2003) Dunster Castle, Somerset.London: The National Trust. ISBN 978-1-84359-049-1. pages 38-39
  7. "Yarn Market Dunster". Everything Exmoor. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  8. "Yarn Market — History and Research". English Heritage. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  9. Historic England. "Butter Cross — listed building (1345602)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  10. Historic England. "Butter Cross at Dunster — ancient monument (1014409)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  11. "The Butter Cross at Dunster". Taunton Courier, and Western Advertiser. British Newspaper Archive. 26 September 1942. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  12. "Yarn Market, High Street (West side), Dunster". Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  13. Chapple, Nick. "A History of the National Heritage Collection. Volume Six: 1945-1953" (PDF). English Heritage. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  14. Heritage Unlocked. English Heritage. 2004. p. 66. ISBN 1850748756.
  15. Brown, Patrick (1981). Buildings of Britain 1550-1750: South West England. Moorland. pp. 100–101. ISBN 0861900308.
  16. "Brief History of Dunster". Dunster Tithe Barn. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
  17. "History of the Rest House". Bournville Carillion.
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