Yokohama Dreamland Monorail

Toshiba Monorail advertisement celebrating the opening of the monorail, 1966

Opened in August 1964, Yokohama Dreamland was Japan's first large-scale, modern amusement park and an instant hit. Due to its inconvenient location far from the nearest station, plans were soon drawn up to connect it to Ofuna Station by monorail, and a mere two years later, in May 1966, the Yokohama Dreamland Monorail was opened to the public,[5] offering an 8-minute ride from Ofuna station to the park. Despite a steep fare (at the time) of ¥170, the line was initially a hit, and with significant population growth in the area, plans were soon made to add an intermediate infill station[6] and extend the line to Mutsuai Station on the Odakyu Enoshima Line.[2]

However, cracks soon started appearing in the monorail beam.[1] The developers had been unable to buy the necessary land along the original route, forcing the route of the monorail to be changed, resulting in steep grades of as much as 100‰ (10%). The monorail vehicles were altered to cope with the high grades, increasing their weight, but the strength of the beam was not increased to match. It soon became clear that the beam was simply not strong enough to withstand these additional stresses safely, and in September 1967, the service was suspended[6] after operating for only one year and four months.[1]

Operator Dream Transport and constructor Toshiba promptly started debating who was responsible for the whole debacle, with mediation dragging on for 14 years until a settlement was finally reached in 1981. However, the settlement did not lead to repairs, much less restarting operations, and eventually the unmaintained infrastructure started to fall apart, with the vehicles decommissioned in 1987, the electrical transmission lines in 1991 and Ofuna's monorail station in 1992.[6]

Meanwhile, Yokohama Dreamland was purchased in 1988 by Japanese retail group Daiei, who decided to rebuild the line as a HSST maglev train. Planning started in earnest in 1995, with the line to be up and running by 1999. However, protests by local residents worried about electromagnetic radiation, as well as the high costs associated with the new technology, led to this plan being scuppered in 2001. Daiei proposed a conventional small monorail instead, but the continuing fallout of the bursting of the Japanese asset bubble and Daiei's subsequent economic difficulties meant that they did not have the capital necessary to build this.[5] Yokohama Dreamland was closed on February 17, 2002,[1] and on August 21 of the same year, with no financial support forthcoming from the City of Yokohama,[1] Daiei announced that they intended to abandon the line once and for all.[3][6]

Parked Dreamland monorail (1984)

Most of the remnants of the line were demolished by early 2005. Dreamland Station is now a parking lot, while the site of the Ofuna station has been turned into an apartment block. Some segments of the track itself still remain.[7]

Many of the lessons learned were applied to the Shonan Monorail, opened in 1970, which connects Ofuna to Shonan-Enoshima Station and is still operational.