Yonglongsha

Yonglongsha, sometimes translated as the Yonglong Shoal[1] or Yonglong Sands,[2] was a former island in the north channel of the Yangtze River above Chongming in eastern China. It was also known as Yongfengsha and Hefengsha.[3] Prior to its absorption by Chongming, it measured about 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) east to west but was very narrow, with an area of about 14 km2 (5.4 sq mi).[3]

Yonglongsha
Chinese永隆沙
Literal meaningEver-Prosperous Sands
Yongfengsha
Traditional Chinese永豐沙
Simplified Chinese永丰沙
Literal meaningEver-Plentiful Sands
Hefengsha
Traditional Chinese合豐沙
Simplified Chinese合丰沙
Literal meaningJoined & Plentiful Sands

History

Yonglongsha first appeared in the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703) but was impermanent. It emerged most recently in 1937.[3] Eroding on the south and east while growing to the north and west, it migrated from the center of the Yangtze's northern channel towards Chongming. Its shores were stabilized and expanded by workers from Haimen and Qidong, two county-level cities of Nantong in Jiangsu, in the late 1960s.[3] The reclaimed areas were administered at first as farmsteads. By 1968, there were 1,800 hectares (18 km2 or 6.9 sq mi) under cultivation, growing corn and fava beans. Another 3000 workers sent by Haimen over the next year reclaimed another 2 square kilometers (0.77 sq mi) by 1970. The same year, 200 households became the island's first permanent inhabitants.[3] Qidong's area of the island began to merge with Chongming in 1972,[3] followed by Haimen's three years later. Now its former area continues to be administered as Jiangsu's pene-enclave townships of Haiyong and Qilong rather than as part of Shanghai's Chongming County.[4] Areas of the former channel between the two islands form the North Heng Irrigation Canal (t 北橫引河, s 北横引河, p Běi Héng Yǐnhé), a stretch of the canal which runs in a partial ring around Chongming Island.

A separate area of present-day Qilong derives from its absorption of a second shoal, Xinglongsha (t 興隆沙, s 兴隆沙, p Xīnglóngshā), which likewise formed in the middle of the Yangtze's channel and then migrated over time towards Chongming.[5]

Infrastructure

During its existence, the island had ferry service to Haimen's Lingdian Harbor (t 靈甸港, s 灵甸港, p Língdiāngǎng) and Qidong's Sanhe Harbor (三和港, Sānhégǎng).[3] Its communities are now connected to Chongming's highway and ferry network, including the Chongqi Bridge to Qidong.[6]

See also

References
  1. International Journal of Sediment Research, Vol. XIII, p. 46. International Research & Training Centre on Erosion & Sedimentation (Beijing), 1998.
  2. Chen Jiyu & al. "The Model of Development of the Chang Jiang Estuary During the Last 2000 Years" in Estuarine Comparisons, p. 661. Academic Press (New York), 1982.
  3. Office of Shanghai Chronicles. 岛、沙 Archived January 6, 2015, at the Wayback Machine ["Dǎo, Shā", "Islands and Shoals"]. Shanghai Municipal Government (Shanghai), 2015. Accessed 12 Jan 2015. (in Chinese)
  4. Gao Yuan (8 December 2004). "崇明上岸(長三角調查)[Chóngmíng Shàng'àn (Zhǎng Sānjiǎo Diàochá), Chongming Coast (Yangtze Delta Survey)]" (in Chinese). Beijing: People's Daily Online, Chinese Communist Party [Reprinted from East China News (Huádōng Xīnwén)]. Archived from the original on 25 January 2005.
  5. "关于启东兴隆沙开发问题 [Guānyú Qǐdōng Xīnglóngshā Kāifā Wèntí]" (in Chinese). Qidong: 农业新闻 [Nóngyè Xīnwén, Agricultural News] Qidong Agricultural Information Network. 24 May 2004. Retrieved 7 April 2015.. (in Chinese)
  6. "海永简介 [Hǎiyǒng Jiǎnjiè, "Haiyong Summary"]" (in Chinese). Haiyong People's Government. Retrieved 23 February 2015.

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