Ystumllyn

The house was apparently built at the end of the 16th century by Ellis ap Cadwaladr (d. 1597),[1] a member of the Welsh Ellis family, which claimed to trace its lineage back to Gollwyn ap Tangno, founder of one of the Fifteen Tribes of Wales.[2] Ellis obtained the property from the Crown,[1] and is the first member of the family to be described as "of Ystumllyn".[3] When it was first built, the house was likely one of the earliest storied buildings in the region.[1] Before 20th-century renovations, the house bore two dated inscriptions of 1720 and 1729 giving a likely date for the extensive 18th-century remodeling and extensions.[1] The owner in this period was Rev. Humphrey Wynn (d. 1724),[2] whose initials are featured on the earlier of these inscriptions.[4] By 1725, it was in the possession of Ellis Wynn (d. 1759) who held in until his death.[5] In 1824, the estate passed to philologist Rowland Jones.[2] The roof was raised and the fenestration was remodeled in the 19th century.[4] In c. 1946, J. Egbert Griffiths of Porthmadog carried out several minor alterations, adding some extra windows and rearranging the internal room structure.[1] On 12 December 1994, the building was designated a Grade II* listed building,[1] a listing reserved for "particularly important buildings of more than special interest".[6]

The house was home to several local notables throughout its history. The Welsh poet Gruffydd Phylip (d. 1666) composed several poems addressed to the Ellis family, including a poem directly referencing the house, "Hiraeth y bardd am Ystumllyn" ("The Bard's Longing for Ystumllyn").[2] John Ystumllyn (d. 1786), who took his name from the household, was employed by the Wynn family at this estate as a gardener and survives as the first well-recorded black person of North Wales. He was of uncertain origins, and was possibly kidnapped from Africa by the Wynn family, but lived out a happy life in Ystumllyn, eventually running away with and marrying a local woman.[5]

Chronological plan of Ystumllyn.

Ystumllyn is a rubble-built house of two stories, composed of two blocks arranged into a T-shaped plan. The east-facing block is the earliest part of the building, dating to the late 16th century, while the north-facing block (which bisects the east block) was constructed in the early 18th century.[4] The building has been described as historically remarkable in the British Listed Buildings' rationale for registering it as a Grade II* listed building; its original component "incorporates an important example" of 16th-century architecture, while its 18th-century additions "represent high quality vernacular work of the period".[1]

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  Large hall in the south of the original block, 16th-century.[4]
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  Original doorway in the east side of the original block, 16th-century.[4]
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  Panel in hall, left of fireplace, depicts the arms of Owain Gwynedd (1100–1170), king of Gwynedd.[4]
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  North bedroom door, 18th-century. One of the few remaining unmodernised parts of the north wing.[3]
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  Fireplace in south bedroom, 18th-century.[3]
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  Staircase, reassembled during 18th-century renovations.[3]

• Ystumllyn Site Details at Colfein