Zoltán Gombocz

Zoltán Gombocz (18 June 1877 – 2 May 1935) was an Hungarian scholar specializing in Finno-Ugric languages, but also in Turkic languages.

Zoltán Gombocz
Born(1877-06-18)June 18, 1877
Sopron
DiedMay 2, 1935(1935-05-02) (aged 57)
Budapest

Life and career

Gombocz was born in Ödenburg/Sopron, and spent his early years there, where his father was a professor at an evangelical college.[1] He studied philology, which also included Romance languages, under the linguists Josef Szinnyei, August Ph. Becker[2] and also Zsigmund Simonyi at Budapest University,[lower-alpha 1] and through them absorbed the principles of the Junggrammatiker. Szinnyei's diplomacy is said to have been decisive in influencing Gombocz's decision to concentrate on languages related to Hungary's historic roots. he obtained his doctorate in 1900.[3] He studied abroad, under the Jesuit linguist Jean-Pierre Rousselot at the Collège de France in Paris,[4] in Germany over 1903/4 in Leipzig where he came under the influence of Hermann Paul and Wilhelm Wundt, and in Finland where he mastered Finnish.

He took up appointments successively thereafter as Professor of Finno-Ugric languages at Kolozsvár and Szeged, and was appointed chair of the subject in Budapest in 1921,[4] where he rose to become rector in 1927 of the most prestigious institution of learning in his country, Eötvös Loránd University.[5][4]

Aside from writing a key modern text on Hungarian, An Outline of a Historical Hungarian Grammnar, Gombocz tackled one of the most recondite problems of his discipline the reconstruction of the ancient vowel and vowel-ablaut system of proto-Finno-Ugrian, which, together with the work of his Finnish colleague Eemil Nestor Setälä, put Finno-Ugrian phonology on a firm scientific basis. Together with his friend and colleague Melich János,[6] Gombocz compiled a comprehensive etymological dictionary of Hungarian, the first scientific work of its kind for one of the Finno-Ugrian languages.[7]

Gombocz also mastered Turkology and made fundamental contributions to the topic, writing important papers on the analysis of Turkic loan-words into Hungarian.

Death and tributes

Gombocz died of a seizure during a faculty meeting, at the early age of 58, and was mourned by his peers as one of the two outstanding altmeister of Finno-Ugric studies of his time, the other being Setälä, who had died earlier in February, the same year.[8]

Notes
  1. This editor may be wrong but whereas Ross stresses the (Jewish) Simonyi's influence, the Hungarian scholar Zsirai drops his indicative first name Zsigmund, and has Gombocz stating that his most important mentors were the other two scholars: "(er) hörte die ungarischen sprachwissenschaftlichen Vorlesungen von Simonyi, aber das Wesentlichste seiner philologischen und linguistischen Studien bekam er, wie er selber sagte, von August Ph. Becker und Josef Szinnyei."[3]

Citations
  1. Zsirai 2002, p. 437.
  2. Zsirai 2002, p. 438.
  3. Zsirai 2002, p. 439.
  4. Zsirai 2002, p. 440.
  5. Ross 1935, p. 581.
  6. Zsirai 2002, p. 445.
  7. Ross 1935, pp. 581–582.
  8. Ross 1935, p. 580.

Sources
  • Ross, Alan S. C. (July 1935). "Professor Zoltán Gombocz". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press (3): 580–582. JSTOR 25201220.
  • Zsirai, Nikolaus (2002) [1936]. "Zoltán von Gombocz". In Sebeok, Thomas A. (ed.). Portrait of Linguists. Volume 1. Thoemmes Press. pp. 437–446. ISBN 978-1-441-15874-1.
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