1000 Piazzia

1000 Piazzia, provisional designation 1923 NZ, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 48 kilometers (30 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 12 August 1923, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. The C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 9.5 hours.[5] It was named after Italian Giuseppe Piazzi, who discovered 1 Ceres.[3]

1000 Piazzia
Modelled shape of Piazzia from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date12 August 1923
Designations
(1000) Piazzia
Pronunciation/piˈætsiə/[2]
Named after
Giuseppe Piazzi [3]
(Italian astronomer)
1923 NZ · A923 PF
1951 OB · 1967 ED
Orbital characteristics [4]
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc94.83 yr (34,637 d)
Aphelion3.9909 AU
Perihelion2.3511 AU
3.1710 AU
Eccentricity0.2586
5.65 yr (2,063 d)
347.91°
0° 10m 28.2s / day
Inclination20.574°
323.74°
280.90°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
9.47±0.01 h[12]
C/Cb (S3OS2)[13]
9.60[8][11]
10.5[1][4][5]
10.60[14][9]
10.61[10]

    Orbit and classification
    Orbit of Piazzia (blue), the inner planets and Jupiter

    Piazzia is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[7] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–4.0 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,063 days; semi-major axis of 3.17 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.26 and an inclination of 21° with respect to the ecliptic.[4] As no precoveries were taken, the body's observation arc begins with its first recorded observation on the night following its official discovery date.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named in honour of Italian Theatine monk Giuseppe Piazzi (1746–1826). He was a director of both the Palermo and Naples observatories, and known for the compilation of the Palermo Catalogue, containing the precise position of 7,646 stars. In 1801, Piazzi discovered 1 Ceres, the first and largest asteroid and the main-belt's only dwarf planet. He is also honored by the lunar crater Piazzi. The official naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 96).[3] The asteroid is the first of several early "kilo-numbered" minor planets that were dedicated to renowned scientists or institutions including:[15]

    These are followed by the asteroids 5000 IAU (for the International Astronomical Union), 6000 United Nations (for the United Nations), 7000 Curie (for the pioneers on radioactivity, Marie and Pierre Curie), and 8000 Isaac Newton (for Isaac Newton),[15] while 9000 Hal (after HAL 9000 from the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey) and 10000 Myriostos (after the Greek word for ten-thousandth, and to honor all astronomers) were named based on their direct numeric accordance.

    1000 Piazzia was named as part of trio honoring the events surrounding the discovery of Ceres in 1801.[16] A person named Carl Friedrich Gauss who computed the orbit of Ceres, and Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers who found it again later that year after it has passed behind the Sun.[16] In honor of them, 1001 Gaussia for Gauss and 1002 Olbersia for Olbers were named along with 1000 Piazzia.[16] In the next few years only three more astronomical bodies were found between Mars and Jupiter, Pallas, Juno, and 4 Vesta, however it would be 37 years before another asteroid was found, 5 Astraea in 1845.[16]

    By 1868, 100 asteroids had been discovered, however it would not be until 1921 that the 1000th was discovered.[17] The rate accelerated in the 20th century and the ten thousandth would be discovered in 1989.[17]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Piazzia is a carbonaceous C-type and Cb-subtype, respectively, latter which transitions to the somewhat "brighter" B-type asteroids.[6][13]

    Rotation period

    After Piazzia had been published by The Minor Planet Bulletin as an opportunity for photometry in 2001, a classically shaped bimodal lightcurve was obtained by Robert Stephens at the Santana Observatory (646) in Rancho Cucamonga, California. The lightcurve gave a rotation period of 9.47±0.01 hours with a brightness variation of 0.45 magnitude (U=3).[12] A second lightcurve was obtained by astronomer René Roy in March 2007, rendering a period of 9.2±0.2 hours and an amplitude of 0.2 magnitude (U=2).[18]

    Diameter and albedo

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives a low albedo of 0.05 and a diameter of 47.19 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.5.[5] According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Piazzia measures between 45.72 and 51.55 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.041 and 0.1119.[14][8][10][9][11]

    See also

    References
    1. "1000 Piazzia (A923 PF)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
    2. "piazza". Lexico UK Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
      "Piazzi". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House.
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1000) Piazzia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1000) Piazzia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 86. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1001. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1000 Piazzia (A923 PF)" (2018-06-12 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
    5. "LCDB Data for (1000) Piazzia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 31 October 2018.
    6. "Asteroid 1000 Piazzia – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
    7. "Asteroid 1000 Piazzia – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
    9. Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
    10. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8.
    11. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 31 October 2018. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    12. Stephens, R. D. (September 2001). "Rotational Periods and Lightcurves of 1096 Reunerta and 1000 Piazzia". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 28: 56. Bibcode:2001MPBu...28...56S. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
    13. Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
    14. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117.
    15. Elkins-Tanton, Linda T. (2010). Asteroids, Meteorites, and Comets. p. 96. ISBN 9781438131863.
    16. Nicholson, S. B. (1941). "1941ASPL....3..365N Page 365". Leaflet of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 3 (147): 365. Bibcode:1941ASPL....3..365N.
    17. Simoes, Christian. "List of asteroids classified by size – Astronoo". www.astronoo.com. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
    18. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1000) Piazzia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
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