1107 Lictoria

1107 Lictoria (prov. designation: 1929 FB) is a large Hygiea asteroid, approximately 79 kilometers (49 miles) in diameter, from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Luigi Volta at the Pino Torinese Observatory in 1929,[11] and named after the Fasces Lictores, Latin for "Fasci Littori", the symbol of the Italian fascist party.[2]

1107 Lictoria
Shape model of Lictoria from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byL. Volta
Discovery sitePino Torinese Obs.
Discovery date30 March 1929
Designations
(1107) Lictoria
Named after
Fasces Lictores [2]
(Symbol of fascism)
1929 FB · A909 UB
A917 DF · A924 KC
main-belt · (outer) [3]
Hygiea [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc108.28 yr (39,549 days)
Aphelion3.5809 AU
Perihelion2.7885 AU
3.1847 AU
Eccentricity0.1244
5.68 yr (2,076 days)
312.44°
0° 10m 24.24s / day
Inclination7.0735°
110.84°
351.35°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
69.93±25.12 km[5]
78.86 km (derived)[3]
79.079±0.298 km[6]
79.17±2.9 km[7]
80.73±0.96 km[8]
86.724±1.421 km[9]
8.56 h[lower-alpha 1]
8.561 h[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3]
8.5616±0.0002 h[10]
8.5681±0.0001 h[lower-alpha 4]
8.586±0.005 h[10]
0.0450 (derived)[3]
0.05±0.05[5]
0.0538±0.0162[9]
0.063±0.002[8]
0.0646±0.005[7]
0.066±0.012[6]
SMASS = X c [1] · P [9]
9.10[7][8][9] · 9.50[3][5] · 9.6[1]

    Discovery

    Lictoria as first observed as A909 UB at Heidelberg Observatory on 17 October 1909. It was officially discovered on 30 March 1929, by Italian astronomer Luigi Volta at the Observatory of Turin near Pino Torinese, Italy.[11] Three weeks later, on 17 March 1929, it was independently discovered by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg, Germany.[2] The Minor Planet Center only acknowledges the first discoverer.[11]

    Orbit and classification

    This asteroid is a member of the Hygiea family (601),[4] a very large family of carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids, named after the fourth-largest asteroid, 10 Hygiea.[12] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.8–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,076 days; semi-major axis of 3.18 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as A909 UB at Heidelberg in October 1909.[11]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the symbol of fascism used by the Italian Fascist Party. The symbol was called "Fasci Littori", or "Fasces Lictores" in Latin (derived from fasces and lictor). Several other things such as festivals (littoriali) and fast trains (littorine) were given related names during the fascist period. In particular, the Italian city of Latina was founded under the name "Littoria" in 1932.[2] The author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Lutz Schmadel, corresponded with Italian-born astronomer Paul Comba to confirm the meaning for this asteroid.[2][13]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Bus–Binzel SMASS classification, Lictoria is a Xc-subtype that transitions from the X-type to the carbonaceous C-type asteroids.[1] It has also been characterized as a primitive P-type asteroid by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).[9] The Hygiea family's overall spectral type is a mixture of C-type and somewhat brighter B-type asteroids.[12]:23

    Rotation period

    Several rotational lightcurve of Lictoria have been obtained from photometric observations by astronomers William Koff, Eric Barbotin, Stefano Sposetti and Matthieu Conjat, as well as Hiromi and Hiroko Hamanowa (U=2/3/2/2/3).[10][lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4] Analysis f the best-rated lightcurve from February 2008 gave a rotation period of 8.5616 hours with a consolidated brightness variation between 0.16 and 0.30 magnitude (U=3).[3]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Lictoria measures between 69.93 and 86.724 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo between 0.05 and 0.066.[5][6][7][8][9]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.045 and a diameter of 78.86 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.5.[3]

    Notes
    1. Koff (2011) web: rotation period 8.56 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.25 mag. Quality code of 2. Summary figures for (1107) Lictoria at LCDB
    2. Anonymous Observer at CALL (2011): rotation period 8.561 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.30 mag. Quality code of 2. Summary figures for (1107) Lictoria at LCDB
    3. Lightcurve plot of (1107) Lictoria (period of 8.5610; amplitude of 0.19), by William Koff at the Antelope Hills Observatory (H09)
    4. Hamanowa (2011) web: rotation period 8.5681±0.0001 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.26±0.01 mag. Quality code of 3. Summary figures for (1107) Lictoria at LCDB

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1107 Lictoria (1929 FB)" (2018-01-27 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1107) Lictoria". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1107) Lictoria. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 94. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1108. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1107) Lictoria". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 28 February 2018.
    4. "Asteroid 1107 Lictoria – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
    5. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    8. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    9. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    10. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1107) Lictoria". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
    11. "1107 Lictoria (1929 FB)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
    12. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    13. Schmadel, Lutz D. (1997). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Introduction, Source of Information. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 16. ISBN 978-3-662-06617-1.
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