1208
Year 1208 (MCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1208 by topic |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1208 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1208 MCCVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1961 |
| Armenian calendar | 657 ԹՎ ՈԾԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5958 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1129–1130 |
| Bengali calendar | 615 |
| Berber calendar | 2158 |
| English Regnal year | 9 Joh. 1 – 10 Joh. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1752 |
| Burmese calendar | 570 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6716–6717 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁卯年 (Fire Rabbit) 3904 or 3844 — to — 戊辰年 (Earth Dragon) 3905 or 3845 |
| Coptic calendar | 924–925 |
| Discordian calendar | 2374 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1200–1201 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4968–4969 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1264–1265 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1129–1130 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4308–4309 |
| Holocene calendar | 11208 |
| Igbo calendar | 208–209 |
| Iranian calendar | 586–587 |
| Islamic calendar | 604–605 |
| Japanese calendar | Jōgen (Kamakura period) 2 (承元２年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1116–1117 |
| Julian calendar | 1208 MCCVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3541 |
| Minguo calendar | 704 before ROC 民前704年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −260 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1750–1751 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火兔年 (female Fire-Rabbit) 1334 or 953 or 181 — to — 阳土龙年 (male Earth-Dragon) 1335 or 954 or 182 |
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Events
Asia
- April 15 – A fire breaks out in the Song Chinese capital city of Hangzhou, raging for four days and nights, destroying 58,097 houses over an area of more than 3 miles (4.8 km), killing 59 people, and an unrecorded number of other people, who are trampled while attempting to flee. The government provides temporary lodging for 5,345 people, in nearby Buddhist and Taoist monasteries. The collective victims of the disaster are given 160,000 strings of cash, along with 400 tons of rice. Some of the government officials who lost their homes take up residence in rented boathouses, on the nearby West Lake.
Europe
- January 15 – Pierre de Castelnau is murdered by a vassal of Raymond VI of Toulouse; Raymond is held responsible and excommunicated by Pope Innocent III, leading to the Albigensian Crusade.[1]
- January 31 – Battle of Lena: Inferior Swedish forces defeat the invading Danes, and King Sverker the Younger is deposed as king of Sweden. He is succeeded by his rival Erik Knutsson.
- March 24 – Pope Innocent III places England under an interdict, as punishment for King John of England rejecting his choice for Archbishop of Canterbury. Under the interdict, Church sacraments including marriage and consecrated burial are probably stopped, but there is no sign of the popular discontent which interdicts are intended to produce over the next several years.[2]
- June 21 – Philip of Swabia, King of Germany and rival to Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV, is assassinated in Bamberg by German Count Otto of Wittelsbach, because Philip had refused to give him his daughter in marriage.
- June 30 – Battle of Philippopolis: The Second Bulgarian Empire is defeated by the Latin Empire, near modern Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Livonian Crusade: With the help of the newly converted local tribes of Livs and Letts, the crusader Livonian Brothers of the Sword initiate raids into Ugandi County in southern Estonia. The resulting Estonian ancient fight for independence lasts until 1227.
Arts and culture
- Robert of Courçon writes his Summa.
Births
- February 2 – King James I of Aragon (d. 1276)
- Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, Constable of England (d. 1275)
- date unknown – Margrete Skulesdatter, queen consort of Norway (d. 1270)
- probable – Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (d. 1265)
Deaths
- January 15 – Pierre de Castelnau, French priest (assassinated)[3]
- April 22 – Philip of Poitou, Prince-Bishop of Durham
- June 21 – Philip of Swabia, King of Germany
- November 9 – Sancha of Castile, Queen of Alfonso II of Aragon (b. 1155)
- December 29 – Emperor Zhangzong of Jin, (b. 1168)
- Amhaoibh O'Rothlain, Chief of Calruidhe Cuile Cearnadha
References
- Sumption, Jonathan (1978). The Albigensian Crusade. London, England: Faber. ISBN 0-571-11064-9.
- King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 171
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 591.
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