1275
Year 1275 (MCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1275 by topic |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1275 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1275 MCCLXXV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2028 |
| Armenian calendar | 724 ԹՎ ՉԻԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6025 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1196–1197 |
| Bengali calendar | 682 |
| Berber calendar | 2225 |
| English Regnal year | 3 Edw. 1 – 4 Edw. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1819 |
| Burmese calendar | 637 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6783–6784 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲戌年 (Wood Dog) 3971 or 3911 — to — 乙亥年 (Wood Pig) 3972 or 3912 |
| Coptic calendar | 991–992 |
| Discordian calendar | 2441 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1267–1268 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5035–5036 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1331–1332 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1196–1197 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4375–4376 |
| Holocene calendar | 11275 |
| Igbo calendar | 275–276 |
| Iranian calendar | 653–654 |
| Islamic calendar | 673–674 |
| Japanese calendar | Bun'ei 12 / Kenji 1 (建治元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1185–1186 |
| Julian calendar | 1275 MCCLXXV |
| Korean calendar | 3608 |
| Minguo calendar | 637 before ROC 民前637年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −193 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1817–1818 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木狗年 (male Wood-Dog) 1401 or 1020 or 248 — to — 阴木猪年 (female Wood-Pig) 1402 or 1021 or 249 |
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Events
Africa
- The troops of the Marinid Dynasty take the city of Algiers, at that time independent.[1]
Asia
- March – The 200,000 multiethnic troops of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty, headed by the Turkish commander Bayan, face a Chinese Song Dynasty army of 130,000, led by the Song Chancellor Jia Sidao. The result is a decisive victory for the Yuan Dynasty, and soon after the much-vilified Jia Sidao is stripped of rank and title, and killed by one of his own guards, as he is sent to exile in Fujian by the Song court.
- March 4 – Chinese astronomers observe a total eclipse of the Sun in China.
- The invading forces of the Yuan Dynasty capture the Song Dynasty city of Suzhou.
- Marco Polo purportedly visits Xanadu, Kublai Khan's summer capital of the Yuan Dynasty.
- The city of Kunming is made capital of the Yunnan province of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.
- Nestorian monk Rabban Bar Sauma begins his pilgrimage from China towards Jerusalem.
- The Japanese era Bun'ei ends, and the Kenji era begins.
- Alamut Castle is temporarily recaptured from the Mongols by a Nizari force under a son of Rukn al-Din Khurshah and a descendant of the Khwarezmshahs.[2][3]
Europe
- April 22 – The first Statute of Westminster is passed by the English Parliament, establishing a series of laws in its 51 clauses, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of bailable and non-bailable offenses.
- June 14 – Battle of Hova: Valdemar, King of Sweden is defeated by his brother Magnus, after which Magnus deposes him.
- July 22 – Magnus is elected the new king of Sweden.
- September 11 – 1275 British earthquake. The earthquake struck the south of Great Britain. The epicentre is unknown, although it may have been in the Portsmouth/Chichester area on the south coast of England[4] or in Glamorgan, Wales.[5]
- October 8 – Battle of Ronaldsway: Scottish forces defeat the Manx of the Isle of Man in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island.
- October 27 – Floris V, Count of Holland, grants the city of Amsterdam freedom from taxes.
- Eleanor de Montfort is captured by sailors in the employ of Edward I of England, to prevent her marriage to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, prince of Wales; she is used as a bargaining chip over the coming years, in Edward's attempts to subjugate Llywelyn and Wales.
- The Mongol Golden Horde raids Lithuania for the third time.
- Around Ciney, in present day Wallonia, the War of the Cow begins; (ending in 1278).
- The first main survey of the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow-up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086, is finished; it began in 1274.
Arts
- Jean de Meun completes the French allegorical work of fiction, Roman de la Rose, with a second section (the first section was written by Guillaume de Lorris in 1230).
Markets
- In Ghent, the first instance is recorded of emission of life annuities by a town in the Low Countries; this event confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt in north-western Europe, initiated in 1218 by Reims.[6]
Technology
- The verge escapement, a simple type of escapement used in clocks, is invented (exact year unknown).
Religion
- Ramon Llull establishes a school in Majorca to teach Arabic to preachers, in an attempt to aid proselytizing to Moors. He also discovers diethyl ether.
- The era of the tosafot (medieval commentators on the Talmud) ends (it began in 1100).
Births
- John II, Duke of Brabant (d. 1312)
- Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere (d. 1322)
- Dnyaneshwar, Indian Hindu Marathi saint, philosopher and poet (d. 1296)
- Mondino de Liuzzi, Italian physician and anatomist (d. 1326)
- Giovanni d'Andrea, Italian jurist
- Eleanor of Brittany (abbess) (d. 1342)
- approximate date
- Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Franco-English nobleman (d. 1324)
- William of Alnwick, English Franciscan theologian (d. 1333)
- Walter V, Count of Brienne, Duke of Athens (d. 1311)
- Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania (d. 1341)
- John de Menteith, Scottish nobleman (d. 1323)
- Giovanni Villani, Florentine writer (d. 1348)
Deaths
- February 26 – Margaret of England, Queen consort of the Scots (b. 1240)
- April 13 – Eleanor of England (b. 1215)
- August 15 – Lorenzo Tiepolo, Doge of Venice
- September 24 – Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, Constable of England (b. 1208)
- September – Ferdinand de la Cerda, Crown Prince of Castile
- date unknown
- Bohemond VI of Antioch (b. 1237)
- Geoffrey of Briel, Baron of Karytaina
References
- Meynier, Gilbert (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte. p. 158. ISBN 978-2-7071-5231-2.
- Wasserman, James (2001). The Templars and the Assassins: The Militia of Heaven. Simon and Schuster. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-59477-873-5.
- Virani, Shafique N.; Virani, Assistant Professor Departments of Historical Studies and the Study of Religion Shafique N. (2007). The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, a Search for Salvation. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-19-531173-0.
- "Notes on Individual Earthquakes". British Geological Survey. Archived from the original on November 19, 2007. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- Musson, Roger (July 9, 2015). "What Was the Largest British Earthquake?" (PDF). SECED Conference 2015: 3. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17565-5.
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