1232
Year 1232 (MCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1232 by topic |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1232 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1232 MCCXXXII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1985 |
| Armenian calendar | 681 ԹՎ ՈՁԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5982 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1153–1154 |
| Bengali calendar | 639 |
| Berber calendar | 2182 |
| English Regnal year | 16 Hen. 3 – 17 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1776 |
| Burmese calendar | 594 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6740–6741 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛卯年 (Metal Rabbit) 3928 or 3868 — to — 壬辰年 (Water Dragon) 3929 or 3869 |
| Coptic calendar | 948–949 |
| Discordian calendar | 2398 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1224–1225 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4992–4993 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1288–1289 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1153–1154 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4332–4333 |
| Holocene calendar | 11232 |
| Igbo calendar | 232–233 |
| Iranian calendar | 610–611 |
| Islamic calendar | 629–630 |
| Japanese calendar | Kangi 4 / Jōei 1 (貞永元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1141–1142 |
| Julian calendar | 1232 MCCXXXII |
| Korean calendar | 3565 |
| Minguo calendar | 680 before ROC 民前680年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −236 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1774–1775 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴金兔年 (female Iron-Rabbit) 1358 or 977 or 205 — to — 阳水龙年 (male Water-Dragon) 1359 or 978 or 206 |
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Events
Africa
- The Almohad army besieges Ceuta, where Abu Musa, the rebellious brother of the caliph, has received shelter and the support of the population. The Genoese rent a part of their fleet to the rebels, who successfully resist the forces of the caliph.[1] The consequences of this revolt are threefold: the city becomes de facto independent from the Almohads, but its reliance on the Italian maritime powers increases, and the trans-Saharan trade routes begin to shift eastward, due to the local turmoil.
Asia
- The first edition of Tripitaka Koreana is destroyed by Mongol invaders.
- April 8 – The Jin Dynasty in China defends their capital against the Mongol siege of Kaifeng, during the Mongol–Jin War. The battle involves the use of rockets.
Europe
- June 15 – Battle of Agridi: Henry I of Cyprus defeats the armies of Frederick II.
- July 16 – Muhammad Ibn Yusuf Ibn Nasr is elected ruler of Arjona, Spain, by the local mosque. He rebels against the independent ruler of al-Andalus, Ibn Hud al-Yadami, and takes control of the city. This is the foundation of the Nasrid Dynasty.[2]
- Italy: Pope Gregory IX, driven from Rome by a revolt, takes refuge at Anagni.
- Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II promulgates the Statutum in favorem principum.
Markets
- The northern French city of Troyes issues its first recorded life annuities, confirming the trend of consolidation of local public debts initiated in 1218, by the neighboring city of Reims.[3]
Religion
- May 30 – Anthony of Padua is canonized by Pope Gregory IX at Spoleto, less than a year after his death;[4] he becomes the patron saint of lost items.
Births
- Arnolfo di Cambio, Florentine architect (d. 1310)
- Manfred of Sicily (approximate date; d. 1266)
- Elisabeth of Wrocław, duchess consort of Greater Poland (approximate date; d. 1265)
- Bernard Saisset, Occitan bishop of Pamiers (d. 1311)
- Ramon Llull, Majorcan missionary (d. 1316)
Deaths
- July 18 – John de Braose, Marcher Lord of Bramber and Gower
- Michael Scot, Scottish mathematician and astrologer (b. 1175)
- Azalaïs of Montferrat, marchioness regent of Saluzzo (b. 1150)
- Tolui, son of Genghis Khan (b. c. 1190)
References
- Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
- Peter Linehan (1999). "Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre". In David Abulafia (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–673. ISBN 0-521-36289-X.
- Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-9-00417565-5.
- Dal-Gal, Niccolò (1907). "St. Anthony of Padua". The Catholic Encyclopedia. 1. Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
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