July 18
July 18 is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. 166 days remain until the end of the year.
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| 2021 | ||||||
| July 18 in recent years |
| 2020 (Saturday) |
| 2019 (Thursday) |
| 2018 (Wednesday) |
| 2017 (Tuesday) |
| 2016 (Monday) |
| 2015 (Saturday) |
| 2014 (Friday) |
| 2013 (Thursday) |
| 2012 (Wednesday) |
| 2011 (Monday) |
Events
- 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.[1]
- 387 BC[2] – Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome.[3]
- 362 – Roman–Persian Wars: Emperor Julian arrives at Antioch with a Roman expeditionary force (60,000 men) and stays there for nine months to launch a campaign against the Persian Empire.
- 452 – Sack of Aquileia: After an earlier defeat on the Catalaunian Plains, Attila lays siege to the metropolis of Aquileia and eventually destroys it.[4]
- 645 – Chinese forces under general Li Shiji besiege the strategic fortress city of Anshi (Liaoning) during the Goguryeo–Tang War.
- 1195 – Battle of Alarcos: Almohad forces defeat the Castilian army of Alfonso VIII and force its retreat to Toledo.
- 1290 – King Edward I of England issues the Edict of Expulsion, banishing all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from England; this was Tisha B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates many Jewish calamities.[5]
- 1334 – The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundation stone for the new campanile (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral, designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.[6]
- 1389 – France and England agree to the Truce of Leulinghem, inaugurating a 13-year peace, the longest period of sustained peace during the Hundred Years' War.
- 1391 – Tokhtamysh–Timur war: Battle of the Kondurcha River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde in present-day southeast Russia.
- 1507 – In Brussels, Prince Charles I, is crowned Duke of Burgundy and Count of Flanders,[7] a year after inheriting the title.
- 1555 – The College of Arms is reincorporated by Royal charter signed by Queen Mary I of England and King Philip II of Spain.
- 1806 – A gunpowder magazine explosion in Birgu, Malta, kills around 200 people.[8]
- 1812 – The Treaties of Orebro end both the Anglo-Russian and Anglo-Swedish Wars.[9]
- 1841 – Coronation of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil.[10]
- 1857 – Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
- 1862 – First ascent of Dent Blanche, one of the highest summits in the Alps.
- 1863 – American Civil War: Second Battle of Fort Wagner: One of the first formal African American military units, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, supported by several white regiments, attempts an unsuccessful assault on Confederate-held Battery Wagner.
- 1870 – The First Vatican Council decrees the dogma of papal infallibility.
- 1872 – The Ballot Act 1872 in the United Kingdom introduced the requirement that parliamentary and local government elections be held by secret ballot.[11]
- 1914 – The U.S. Congress forms the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, giving official status to aircraft within the U.S. Army for the first time.
- 1925 – Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf.
- 1936 – On the Spanish mainland, a faction of the army supported by fascists, rises up against the Second Spanish Republic in a coup d'état[12] starting the 3-year-long Civil War, resulting in the longest dictatorship in modern European history.
- 1942 – World War II: During the Beisfjord massacre in Norway, 15 Norwegian paramilitary guards help members of the SS to kill 288 political prisoners from Yugoslavia.
- 1942 – The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me 262 using its jet engines for the first time.
- 1944 – World War II: Hideki Tōjō resigns as Prime Minister of Japan because of numerous setbacks in the war effort.
- 1966 – Human spaceflight: Gemini 10 is launched from Cape Kennedy on a 70-hour mission that includes docking with an orbiting Agena target vehicle.
- 1966 – A racially charged incident in a bar sparks the six-day Hough riots in Cleveland, Ohio; 1,700 Ohio National Guard troops intervene to restore order.
- 1968 – Intel is founded in Mountain View, California.
- 1976 – Nadia Comăneci becomes the first person in Olympic Games history to score a perfect 10 in gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
- 1982 – Two hundred sixty-eight Guatemalan campesinos ("peasants" or "country people") are slain in the Plan de Sánchez massacre.
- 1984 – McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro, California: In a fast-food restaurant, James Oliver Huberty opens fire, killing 21 people and injuring 19 others before being shot dead by police.
- 1992 – A picture of Les Horribles Cernettes was taken, which became the first ever photo posted to the World Wide Web.
- 1994 – The bombing of the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (Argentine Jewish Community Center) in Buenos Aires kills 85 people (mostly Jewish) and injures 300.
- 1994 – Rwandan genocide: The Rwandan Patriotic Front takes control of Gisenyi and north western Rwanda, forcing the interim government into Zaire and ending the genocide.
- 1995 – On the Caribbean island of Montserrat, the Soufrière Hills volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates the island, destroying the capital, forcing most of the population to flee.
- 1996 – Storms provoke severe flooding on the Saguenay River, beginning one of Quebec's costliest natural disasters ever.
- 1996 – Battle of Mullaitivu: The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam capture the Sri Lanka Army's base, killing over 1200 soldiers.
- 2012 – At least seven people are killed and 32 others are injured after a bomb explodes on an Israeli tour bus at Burgas Airport, Bulgaria.
- 2013 – The Government of Detroit, with up to $20 billion in debt, files for the largest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history.
- 2019 – A man sets fire to an anime studio in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan, killing at least 35 people and injuring dozens of others.[13][14]
Births
- 1013 – Hermann of Reichenau, German composer, mathematician, and astronomer (b. 1013)[15]
- 1501 – Isabella of Austria, queen of Denmark (d. 1526)[16]
- 1504 – Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss pastor and reformer (d. 1575)[17]
- 1534 – Zacharius Ursinus, German theologian (d. 1583)[18]
- 1552 – Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1612)[19]
- 1634 – Johannes Camphuys, Dutch politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1695)
- 1659 – Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (d. 1743)
- 1670 – Giovanni Bononcini, Italian cellist and composer (d. 1747)
- 1702 – Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (d. 1735)
- 1718 – Saverio Bettinelli, Italian poet, playwright, and critic (d. 1808)
- 1720 – Gilbert White, English ornithologist and ecologist (d. 1793)[20]
- 1724 – Maria Antonia of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony (d. 1780)
- 1750 – Frederick Adolf, duke of Östergötland (d. 1803)
- 1796 – Immanuel Hermann Fichte, German philosopher and academic (d. 1879)
- 1811 – William Makepeace Thackeray, English author and poet (d. 1863)
- 1818 – Louis Gerhard De Geer, Swedish lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1896)
- 1821 – Pauline Viardot, French soprano and composer (d. 1910)
- 1837 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian priest and activist (d. 1873)
- 1843 – Virgil Earp, American marshal (d. 1905)
- 1845 – Tristan Corbière, French poet (d. 1875)
- 1848 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer and physician (d. 1915)
- 1853 – Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
- 1861 – Kadambini Ganguly, Indian physician, one of the first Indian women to obtain a degree (d. 1923)[21]
- 1864 – Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden, English politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1937)
- 1867 – Margaret Brown, American philanthropist and activist (d. 1932)
- 1871 – Giacomo Balla, Italian painter (d.1958)
- 1871 – Sada Yacco, Japanese actress and dancer (d. 1946)
- 1881 – Larry McLean, Canadian-American baseball player (d. 1921)
- 1884 – Alberto di Jorio, Italian cardinal (d. 1979)
- 1886 – Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., American general (d. 1945)
- 1887 – Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian military officer and politician, Minister President of Norway (d. 1945)
- 1889 – Kōichi Kido, Japanese politician, 13th Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan (d. 1977)
- 1890 – Frank Forde, Australian educator and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1983)
- 1892 – Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian footballer (d. 1969)
- 1893 – David Ogilvy, 12th Earl of Airlie, Scottish peer, soldier and courtier (d. 1968)
- 1895 – Olga Spessivtseva, Russian-American ballerina (d. 1991)
- 1895 – Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (d. 1954)
- 1897 – Ernest Eldridge, English race car driver and engineer (d. 1935)
- 1898 – John Stuart, Scottish-English actor (d. 1979)
- 1899 – Ernst Scheller, German soldier and politician, 8th Mayor of Marburg (d. 1942)
- 1900 – Nathalie Sarraute, French lawyer and author (d. 1999)
- 1902 – Jessamyn West, American author (d. 1984)
- 1902 – Chill Wills, American actor (d. 1978)
- 1905 – Robert Elton Brooker, American business executive (d. 2000)
- 1906 – S. I. Hayakawa, Canadian-American academic and politician (d. 1992)
- 1906 – Clifford Odets, American director, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 1963)
- 1908 – Peace Pilgrim, American mystic and activist (d. 1981)
- 1908 – Lupe Vélez, Mexican-American actress and dancer (d. 1944)
- 1908 – Beatrice Aitchison, American mathematician, statistician, and transportation economist (d. 1997)
- 1909 – Bishnu Dey, Indian poet, critic, and academic (d. 1982)
- 1909 – Andrei Gromyko, Belarusian-Russian economist and politician, Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1989)
- 1909 – Mohammed Daoud Khan, Afghan commander and politician, 1st President of Afghanistan (d. 1978)
- 1909 – Harriet Nelson, American singer and actress (d. 1994)
- 1910 – Diptendu Pramanick, Indian businessman (d. 1989)
- 1910 – Mamadou Dia, Senegalese politician; 1st Prime Minister of Senegal (d. 2009)
- 1911 – Hume Cronyn, Canadian-American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
- 1913 – Red Skelton, American actor and comedian (d. 1997)
- 1914 – Gino Bartali, Italian cyclist (d. 2000)
- 1914 – Oscar Heisserer, French footballer (d. 2004)
- 1915 – Carequinha, Brazilian clown and actor (d. 2006)
- 1915 – Roxana Cannon Arsht, American judge (d. 2003)
- 1915 – Louis Le Bailly, British Royal Navy officer (d. 2010)
- 1916 – Charles Kittel, American physicist (d. 2019)
- 1917 – Henri Salvador, French singer and guitarist (d. 2008)
- 1917 – Paul Streeten, Austrian-born British economics professor (d. 2019)
- 1918 – Nelson Mandela, South African lawyer and politician, 1st President of South Africa, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
- 1919 – Lilia Dale, Italian actress
- 1920 – Eric Brandon, English race car driver and businessman (d. 1982)
- 1921 – Peter Austin, English brewer, founded Ringwood Brewery (d. 2014)
- 1921 – Aaron T. Beck, American psychiatrist and academic
- 1921 – John Glenn, American colonel, astronaut, and politician (d. 2016)[22]
- 1921 – Richard Leacock, English-French director and producer (d. 2011)
- 1921 – Heinz Bennent, German actor (d. 2011)
- 1922 – Thomas Kuhn, American physicist, historian, and philosopher (d. 1996)
- 1923 – Jerome H. Lemelson, American engineer and businessman (d. 1997)
- 1923 – Michael Medwin, English actor (d. 2020)
- 1924 – Inge Sørensen, Danish swimmer (d. 2011)
- 1924 – Tullio Altamura, Italian actor
- 1925 – Shirley Strickland, Australian runner and hurdler (d. 2004)
- 1925 – Friedrich Zimmermann, German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of the Interior (d. 2012)
- 1925 – Raymond Jones, Australian Modernist architect
- 1925 – Windy McCall, American baseball relief pitcher (d. 2015)
- 1926 – Margaret Laurence, Canadian author and academic (d. 1987)
- 1926 – Nita Bieber, American actress (d. 2019)
- 1926 – Bernard Pons, French politician and medical doctor
- 1926 – Maunu Kurkvaara, Finnish film director and screenwriter
- 1927 – Mehdi Hassan, Pakistani ghazal singer and playback singer (d. 2012)
- 1927 – Kurt Masur, German conductor and educator (d. 2015)
- 1927 – Antonio García-Trevijano, Spanish republican, political activist, and author (d. 2018)
- 1927 – Keith MacDonald, Canadian politician
- 1927 – Anthony Mirra, American gangster, member of the Bonanno Crime Family (d. 1982)
- 1928 – Andrea Gallo, Italian priest and author (d. 2013)
- 1928 – Baddiewinkle, American internet personality
- 1929 – Dick Button, American figure skater and actor
- 1929 – Screamin' Jay Hawkins, American R&B singer-songwriter, musician, and actor (d. 2000)
- 1932 – Robert Ellis Miller, American director and screenwriter (d. 2017)
- 1933 – Jean Yanne, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
- 1933 – Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Russian poet and playwright (d. 2017)
- 1934 – Edward Bond, English director, playwright, and screenwriter
- 1934 – Darlene Conley, American actress (d. 2007)
- 1935 – Tenley Albright, American figure skater and physician
- 1935 – Jayendra Saraswathi, Indian guru, 69th Shankaracharya
- 1937 – Roald Hoffmann, Polish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1937 – Hunter S. Thompson, American journalist and author (d. 2005)
- 1938 – John Connelly, English footballer (d. 2012)
- 1938 – Ian Stewart, Scottish keyboard player and manager (d. 1985)
- 1938 – Paul Verhoeven, Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1939 – Brian Auger, English rock and jazz keyboard player
- 1939 – Dion DiMucci, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1939 – Jerry Moore, American football player and coach
- 1940 – James Brolin, American actor
- 1940 – Joe Torre, American baseball player and manager
- 1941 – Frank Farian, German songwriter and producer
- 1941 – Lonnie Mack, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016)
- 1941 – Martha Reeves, American singer and politician
- 1942 – Giacinto Facchetti, Italian footballer (d. 2006)
- 1942 – Adolf Ogi, Swiss politician, 84th President of the Swiss Confederation
- 1943 – Joseph J. Ellis, American historian and author
- 1944 – David Hemery, English hurdler and author[23]
- 1945 – Pat Doherty, Irish Republican politician
- 1946 – Kalpana Mohan, Indian actress
- 1946 – John Naughton, Scottish-Irish journalist, author, and academic
- 1947 – Steve Forbes, American publisher and politician
- 1948 – Carlos Colón Sr., Puerto Rican-American wrestler and promoter
- 1948 – Jeanne Córdova, American journalist and activist (d. 2016)
- 1948 – Graham Spanier, 16th President of Pennsylvania State University
- 1948 – Hartmut Michel, German biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1949 – Dennis Lillee, Australian cricketer and coach
- 1950 – Richard Branson, English businessman, founded Virgin Group
- 1950 – Jack Dongarra, American computer scientist and academic
- 1950 – Kostas Eleftherakis, Greek footballer
- 1950 – Glenn Hughes, American disco singer and actor (d. 2001)
- 1950 – Jack Layton, Canadian political scientist, academic, and politician (d. 2011)
- 1950 – Mark Udall, American educator and politician
- 1951 – Elio Di Rupo, Belgian chemist, academic, and politician, 68th Prime Minister of Belgium
- 1951 – Margo Martindale, American actress
- 1954 – Ricky Skaggs, American singer-songwriter, mandolin player, and producer
- 1955 – Bernd Fasching, Austrian painter and sculptor
- 1957 – Nick Faldo, English golfer and sportscaster
- 1957 – Keith Levene, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer
- 1960 – Simon Heffer, English journalist and author
- 1961 – Elizabeth McGovern, American actress
- 1961 – Alan Pardew, English footballer and manager
- 1961 – Pasi Rautiainen, Finnish footballer, coach, and manager
- 1962 – Shaun Micallef, Australian comedian, producer, and screenwriter
- 1963 – Marc Girardelli, Austrian-Luxembourgian skier
- 1963 – Martín Torrijos, Panamanian economist and politician, 35th President of Panama
- 1964 – Wendy Williams, American talk show host
- 1965 – Vesselina Kasarova, Bulgarian soprano
- 1966 – Dan O'Brien, American decathlete and coach
- 1967 – Vin Diesel, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter[24]
- 1968 – Grant Bowler, New Zealand-Australian actor
- 1968 – Scott Gourley, Australian rugby player
- 1969 – Elizabeth Gilbert, American author
- 1969 – The Great Sasuke, Japanese wrestler and politician
- 1971 – Penny Hardaway, American basketball player and coach
- 1971 – Sukhwinder Singh, Indian singer-songwriter and actor
- 1974 – Alan Morrison, British poet
- 1975 – Torii Hunter, American baseball player
- 1975 – Daron Malakian, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1975 – M.I.A., English rapper and producer[25]
- 1976 – Elsa Pataky, Spanish actress
- 1976 – Go Soo-hee, South Korean actress
- 1977 – Alexander Morozevich, Russian chess player and author
- 1978 – Adabel Guerrero, Argentinian actress, singer, and dancer
- 1978 – Shane Horgan, Irish rugby player and sportscaster
- 1978 – Crystal Mangum, American murderer responsible for making false rape allegations in the Duke lacrosse case[26][27]
- 1978 – Joo Sang-wook, South Korean actor
- 1978 – Ben Sheets, American baseball player and coach
- 1978 – Mélissa Theuriau, French journalist
- 1979 – Deion Branch, American football player
- 1979 – Joey Mercury, American wrestler and producer
- 1980 – Kristen Bell, American actress[28]
- 1980 – David Blu (born David Bluthenthal), American–Israeli basketball player[29]
- 1981 – Dennis Seidenberg, German ice hockey player
- 1982 – Ryan Cabrera, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1982 – Priyanka Chopra, Indian actress, singer, and film producer
- 1982 – Carlo Costly, Honduran footballer
- 1983 – Carlos Diogo, Uruguayan footballer
- 1983 – Aaron Gillespie, American singer-songwriter and drummer
- 1983 – Mikk Pahapill, Estonian decathlete
- 1983 – Jan Schlaudraff, German footballer
- 1985 – Chace Crawford, American actor
- 1985 – Panagiotis Lagos, Greek footballer
- 1985 – James Norton, English actor
- 1986 – Natalia Mikhailova, Russian ice dancer
- 1987 – Tontowi Ahmad, Indonesian badminton player[30]
- 1988 – Änis Ben-Hatira, German-Tunisian footballer
- 1988 – César Villaluz, Mexican footballer
- 1989 – Jamie Benn, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1989 – Sebastian Mielitz, German footballer
- 1989 – Yohan Mollo, French footballer
- 1993 – Lee Tae-min, South Korean singer and actor[31]
- 1993 – Michael Lichaa, Australian rugby league player[32]
- 1994 – Nilo Soares, East Timorese footballer[33]
- 1996 – Smriti Mandhana, Indian cricketer[34]
- 1996 – Shudufhadzo Musida, Miss South Africa 2020[35]
- 1997 – Noah Lyles, American sprinter[36]
- 2001 – Agustina Roth, Argentine BMX rider[37]
Deaths
- 707 – Emperor Monmu of Japan (b. 683)
- 715 – Muhammad bin Qasim, Umayyad general (b. 695)
- 912 – Zhu Wen, Chinese emperor (b. 852)
- 924 – Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat, Abbasid vizier (b. 855)
- 928 – Stephen II, patriarch of Constantinople
- 984 – Dietrich I, bishop of Metz[38]
- 1100 – Godfrey of Bouillon, Frankish knight (b. 1016)
- 1185 – Stefan, first Archbishop of Uppsala (b. before 1143)
- 1194 – Guy of Lusignan, king consort of Jerusalem (b. c. 1150)
- 1232 – John de Braose, Marcher Lord of Bramber and Gower
- 1270 – Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury
- 1300 – Gerard Segarelli, Italian religious leader, founded the Apostolic Brethren (b. 1240)
- 1450 – Francis I, Duke of Brittany (b. 1414)
- 1488 – Alvise Cadamosto, Italian explorer (b. 1432)
- 1566 – Bartolomé de las Casas, Spanish bishop and historian (b. 1484)
- 1591 – Jacobus Gallus, Slovenian composer (b. 1550)
- 1608 – Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1546)
- 1610 – Caravaggio, Italian painter (b. 1571)
- 1639 – Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, German general (b. 1604)
- 1650 – Robert Levinz, English Royalist, hanged in London by Parliamentary forces as a spy (b. 1615)[39]
- 1695 – Johannes Camphuys, Dutch politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1634)
- 1698 – Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian and author (b. 1633)
- 1721 – Jean-Antoine Watteau, French painter (b. 1684)
- 1730 – François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy, French general (b. 1644)
- 1756 – Pieter Langendijk, Dutch poet and playwright (b. 1683)
- 1792 – John Paul Jones, Scottish-American admiral and diplomat (b. 1747)
- 1817 – Jane Austen, English novelist (b. 1775)[40]
- 1837 – Vincenzo Borg, Maltese merchant and rebel leader (b. 1777)
- 1863 – Robert Gould Shaw, American colonel (b. 1837)
- 1872 – Benito Juárez, Mexican lawyer and politician, 26th President of Mexico (b. 1806)
- 1884 – Ferdinand von Hochstetter, Austrian geologist and academic (b. 1829)
- 1887 – Dorothea Dix, American social reformer and activist (b. 1802)[41]
- 1890 – Lydia Becker, English journalist, author, and activist, co-founded the Women's Suffrage Journal (b. 1827)[42]
- 1892 – Thomas Cook, English travel agent, founded the Thomas Cook Group (b. 1808)
- 1899 – Horatio Alger, American novelist and journalist (b. 1832)
- 1916 – Benjamin C. Truman, American journalist and author (b. 1835)
- 1925 – Louis-Nazaire Bégin, Canadian cardinal (b. 1840)
- 1932 – Jean Jules Jusserand, French author and diplomat, French Ambassador to the United States (b. 1855)
- 1937 – Julian Bell, English poet and academic (b. 1908)
- 1938 – Marie of Romania (b. 1875)
- 1944 – Thomas Sturge Moore, English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1870)
- 1947 – Evald Tipner, Estonian footballer and ice hockey player (b. 1906)
- 1948 – Herman Gummerus, Finnish historian, academic, and politician (b. 1877)
- 1949 – Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer and educator (b. 1870)
- 1949 – Francisco Javier Arana, Guatemalan Army colonel and briefly Guatemalan head of state (b.1905)
- 1950 – Carl Clinton Van Doren, American critic and biographer (b. 1885)
- 1952 – Paul Saintenoy, Belgian architect and historian (b. 1862)
- 1954 – Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (b. 1895)
- 1966 – Bobby Fuller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942)
- 1968 – Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
- 1969 – Mary Jo Kopechne, American educator and secretary (b. 1940)
- 1973 – Jack Hawkins, English actor (b. 1910)
- 1975 – Vaughn Bodē, American illustrator (b. 1941)
- 1981 – Sonja Branting-Westerståhl, Swedish lawyer (b. 1890)[43]
- 1982 – Roman Jakobson, Russian–American linguist and theorist (b. 1896)
- 1984 – Lally Bowers, English actress (b. 1914)
- 1984 – Grigori Kromanov, Estonian director and screenwriter (b. 1926)
- 1987 – Gilberto Freyre, Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian, writer, painter, journalist and congressman (b. 1907)
- 1988 – Nico, German singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and actress (b. 1938)
- 1988 – Joly Braga Santos, Portuguese composer and conductor (b. 1924)
- 1989 – Donnie Moore, American baseball player (b. 1954)
- 1989 – Rebecca Schaeffer, American model and actress (b. 1967)[44]
- 1990 – Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist and author (b. 1896)
- 1990 – Yun Posun, South Korean politician, 2nd President of South Korea (b. 1897)
- 2001 – Mimi Fariña, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1945)
- 2002 – Metin Toker, Turkish journalist and author (b. 1924)
- 2004 – André Castelot, Belgian-French historian and author (b. 1911)
- 2004 – Émile Peynaud, French wine maker (b. 1912)
- 2005 – Amy Gillett, Australian cyclist and rower (b. 1976)
- 2005 – William Westmoreland, American general (b. 1914)
- 2006 – Henry Hewes, American theater writer (b. 1917)[45]
- 2007 – Jerry Hadley, American tenor (b. 1952)
- 2007 – Kenji Miyamoto, Japanese politician (b. 1908)
- 2009 – Henry Allingham, English soldier (b. 1896)[46]
- 2009 – Jill Balcon, English actress (b. 1925)
- 2012 – Yosef Shalom Eliashiv, Lithuanian-Israeli rabbi and author (b. 1910)
- 2012 – Jean François-Poncet, French politician and diplomat, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1928)
- 2012 – Dawoud Rajiha, Syrian general and politician, Syrian Minister of Defense (b. 1947)
- 2012 – Assef Shawkat, Syrian general and politician (b. 1950)
- 2012 – Hasan Turkmani, Syrian general and politician, Syrian Minister of Defense (b. 1935)
- 2012 – Rajesh Khanna, Indian actor (b. 1942)
- 2013 – Vaali, Indian poet, songwriter, and actor (b. 1931)
- 2013 – Olivier Ameisen, French-American cardiologist and academic (b. 1953)
- 2014 – Andreas Biermann, German footballer (b. 1980)
- 2014 – João Ubaldo Ribeiro, Brazilian journalist, author, and academic (b. 1941)
- 2014 – Dietmar Schönherr, Austrian-Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1926)
- 2015 – Alex Rocco, American actor (b. 1936)
- 2018 – Jonathan Gold, American food critic (b. 1960)[47]
- 2018 – Adrian Cronauer, American radio personality (b. 1938)[48]
Holidays and observances
- Christian feast day:
- Arnulf of Metz
- Bartolomé de las Casas (Episcopal Church (USA))
- Bruno of Segni
- Camillus de Lellis (optional memorial, United States only)
- Eadburh (or Edburga) of Bicester
- Elizabeth Ferard (Church of England)
- Frederick of Utrecht
- Goneri of Brittany
- Gundenis
- Marina of Aguas Santas
- Maternus of Milan
- Minnborinus of Cologne
- Pambo
- Philastrius (or Filaster)
- Symphorosa
- Teneu (or Theneva)
- Theodosia of Constantinople
- July 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Constitution Day (Uruguay)
- Nelson Mandela International Day[49]
References
- Livy, VI.1; Plutarch, Camillus IX; Tacitus, Histories II.91; Ovid gives a different date of 13 February in the Fasti, II.195-6
- An alternative year of 390 BC was traditionally favoured
- Andres Furger; Andres Furger-Gunti; Maria Angelica Borrello; Felix Müller (1991). Helvetian gold: Celtic treasures from Switzerland : exhibition catalogue. Swiss National Museum.
- Byzantinoslavica. Academia. 2006. p. 66.
- Robert Chazan (23 November 2006). The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom: 1000–1500. Cambridge University Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-139-45987-7.
- G. Fattorusso (1930). Wonders of Italy: the monuments of antiquity, the churches, the palaces, the treasures of art, a handbook for students and travellers. G. Fattorusso. p. 215.
- Paul F. State (16 April 2015). Historical Dictionary of Brussels. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-8108-7921-8.
- The Bulletin, Volume 57, Issue 225 – Volume 58, Issue 232. Military Historical Society (Great Britain). 2006. p. 147.
- United States. Dept. of State (1919). Catalogue of Treaties, 1814-1918. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 456.
- D. P. KIDDER, J. C. FLETCHER (1857). Brazil and the Brazilians. pp. 592.
- Hanham, H. J. (1969). The Nineteenth-Century Constitution 1815-1914: Documents and Commentary. Cambridge University Press. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-521-09560-0.
- Thomas, Hugh (2001). The Spanish Civil War (1st ed.). London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. OCLC 395987.
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