1994 Tour de France

1994 Tour de France
	Route of the 1994 Tour de France
Race details
Dates	2–24 July
Stages	21 + Prologue
Distance	3,978 km (2,472 mi)
Winning time	103h 38' 38"
Results

The 1994 Tour de France was the 81st edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began on 2 July with a 7.2 km (4.5 mi) prologue around the French city Lille. After 21 more days of racing, the Tour came to a close on the street of the Champs-Élysées. Twenty-one teams entered the race that was won by Miguel Indurain of the Banesto team.[1] Second and third respectively were the Latvian Piotr Ugrumov and the Italian rider, Marco Pantani.

Miguel Indurain first captured the lead after the stage 9 individual time trial. Chris Boardman was the first rider to wear the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification after winning the opening prologue. Boardman lost the lead to Johan Museeuw after Museeuw's GB–MG Maglificio team won the stage three team time trial. Flavio Vanzella took the lead away from Museeuw the next day as the Tour made its way into Great Britain. Vanzella lost the lead to Sean Yates after the race's sixth stage. Yates led the race for a single day before losing it to Museeuw after the conclusion of stage 7. Museeuw lost the lead to Indurain after the stage 9 individual time trial, who then successfully defended the lead through the Alps and Pyrenees and to the Tour's finish in Paris.

Indurain became the third rider to win four consecutive Tours de France. In the race's other classifications, Team Polti–Vaporetto rider Djamolidine Abdoujaparov won the points classification, Richard Virenque of the Festina–Lotus team won the mountains classification, Carrera Jeans–Tassoni rider Marco Pantani won the youth classification for the best rider aged 26 or under in the general classification after having finished third overall, and Eros Poli of the Mercatone Uno–Medeghini team won the combativity classification. Festina-Lotus won the team classification, which ranked each of the twenty teams contesting the race by lowest cumulative time.

Teams

A total of 21 teams were invited to participate in the 1994 Tour de France. Fifteen teams were announced in May, based on their UCI ranking:[2] Although the organisation had planned to give five additional wildcards in June, after the 1994 Giro d'Italia, it was decided to invite one extra team, and six wildcards were given.[3] The Jolly Componibili–Cage team of Zenon Jaskuła, who had finished in third place in the 1993 Tour de France, was not selected.[3] Each team sent a squad of nine riders, so the Tour began with a peloton of 189 cyclists.[4] Of these, 189 riders that started this edition of the Tour de France, a total of 117 riders made it to the finish in Paris.[5]

The teams entering the race were:[4]

Qualified teams

Invited teams

Route and stages

The 1994 edition of the Tour de France began with a short 7.2 km (4.5 mi) prologue that navigated around the French city of Lille. There were a total of six stages that held many high mountains, while there was only one hilly stage that contained climbs of lesser degree. Eleven of the stages were primarily flat stages. The official route contained four time trials, three of which were individual and one of which was a team event.[6]

There were two stages that began or ended outside France. Stage 4 began in the English port town of Dover and ended in Brighton. The fifth stage began and ended in the British city of Portsmouth. This was only the second time the tour has visited England, and to mark the opening of the Channel Tunnel.[7]

Of the stages that contained mountains, four contained summit finishes: stage 11 to Hautacam, stage 12 to Luz Ardiden, stage 16 to Alpe d'Huez, and stage 17 to Val Thorens. The nineteenth stage, an individual time trial, had a summit finish to Avoriaz. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,275 m (7,464 ft) at the summit of the Val Thorens climb on stage 17.[8][9]

Stage characteristics and winners[5][6][10][11]
Stage	Date	Course	Distance		Winner
P	2 July	Lille	7.2 km (4.5 mi)	Individual time trial	Chris Boardman (GBR)
1	3 July	Lille to Armentières	234.0 km (145.4 mi)	Plain stage	Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB)
2	4 July	Roubaix to Boulogne-sur-Mer	203.5 km (126.4 mi)	Plain stage	Jean-Paul van Poppel (NED)
3	5 July	Calais to Eurotunnel	66.5 km (41.3 mi)	Team time trial	GB–MG Maglificio
4	6 July	Dover (United Kingdom) to Brighton (United Kingdom)	204.5 km (127.1 mi)	Plain stage	Francisco Cabello (ESP)
5	7 July	Portsmouth (United Kingdom)	187.0 km (116.2 mi)	Plain stage	Nicola Minali (ITA)
6	8 July	Cherbourg to Rennes	270.5 km (168.1 mi)	Plain stage	Gianluca Bortolami (ITA)
7	9 July	Rennes to Futuroscope	259.5 km (161.2 mi)	Plain stage	Ján Svorada (SVK)
8	10 July	Poitiers to Trélissac	218.5 km (135.8 mi)	Plain stage	Bo Hamburger (DEN)
9	11 July	Périgueux to Bergerac	64.0 km (39.8 mi)	Individual time trial	Miguel Indurain (ESP)
10	12 July	Bergerac to Cahors	160.5 km (99.7 mi)	Plain stage	Jacky Durand (FRA)
11	13 July	Cahors to Hautacam	263.5 km (163.7 mi)	Stage with mountain(s)	Luc Leblanc (FRA)
	14 July	Lourdes		Rest day
12	15 July	Lourdes to Luz Ardiden	204.5 km (127.1 mi)	Stage with mountain(s)	Richard Virenque (FRA)
13	16 July	Bagnères-de-Bigorre to Albi	223.0 km (138.6 mi)	Plain stage	Bjarne Riis (DEN)
14	17 July	Castres to Montpellier	202.0 km (125.5 mi)	Plain stage	Rolf Sørensen (DEN)
15	18 July	Montpellier to Carpentras	231.0 km (143.5 mi)	Stage with mountain(s)	Eros Poli (ITA)
16	19 July	Valréas to Alpe d'Huez	224.5 km (139.5 mi)	Stage with mountain(s)	Roberto Conti (ITA)
17	20 July	Le Bourg-d'Oisans to Val Thorens	149.0 km (92.6 mi)	Stage with mountain(s)	Nelson Rodriguez (COL)
18	21 July	Moutiers to Cluses	174.5 km (108.4 mi)	Stage with mountain(s)	Piotr Ugrumov (LAT)
19	22 July	Cluses to Avoriaz	47.5 km (29.5 mi)	Mountain time trial	Piotr Ugrumov (LAT)
20	23 July	Morzine to Lac Saint-Point	208.5 km (129.6 mi)	Hilly stage	Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB)
21	24 July	Disneyland Paris to Paris (Champs-Élysées)	175.0 km (108.7 mi)	Plain stage	Eddy Seigneur (FRA)
	Total		3,978 km (2,472 mi)[12]

Race overview

Miguel Indurain, wearing the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification, on stage 16's ascent to the finish at Alpe d'Huez

The 1994 edition of the Tour de France began with a brief 7.2 km (4.5 mi) prologue around the city of Lille.[13] Englishman Chris Boardman set a blistering pace on the course en route to winning the stage by fifteen seconds over the second-place finisher Miguel Indurain.[13] Stage 1 was a relatively flat stage that came down to a bunch sprint that was marred by a large crash.[13] As the riders were sprinting to the finish line, a policeman leaned out to take a photograph causing Wilfried Nelissen to slam on his brakes and crash into the policeman while also taking out Laurent Jalabert in the process.[13] Djamolidine Abdoujaparov ultimately won the stage while Jalabert and Nelissen were forced to drop out of the race due to the injuries they had sustained.[13]

The Yellow Jersey switched riders multiple times through the first eight stages but in the Stage 9 individual time trial Indurain absolutely obliterated the entire field with only eight riders able to keep him within 6:00, and of those riders only Tony Rominger was able to keep Indurain within four minutes. Amazingly a young Lance Armstrong was able to hold onto a top 10 placing through Stage 10, but other than Rominger no one was in a position to threaten Indurain's lead.

As the race entered the Pyrenees in stages 11 and 12 Indurain built on his lead over Rominger who abandoned the Tour in Stage 13. As the race climbed Mont Ventoux and crossed the Alps Marco Pantani and Piotr Ugrumov began to climb through the top 10 as Richard Virenque held onto 2nd place, but Indurain's lead was secure with Virenque more than 7:00 behind.

In the final time trial in Stage 19 Ugrumov won the stage with Pantani coming in second both riders gaining considerable time on Indurain, but by the end of the day it was too little too late for both riders as Indurain's 4th consecutive Tour de France victory was all but secure as he held a commanding lead of 5:39 over the now 2nd place Ugrumov.[13]

Classification leadership and minor prizes

There were several classifications in the 1994 Tour de France.[14] The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[15]

Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[16]

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.[17]

The fourth individual classification was the young rider classification, which was not marked by a jersey. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 26 years were eligible.[18]

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time.[19]

In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification.[20] Eros Poli won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award.[6] The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Tourmalet on stage 12. This prize was won by Richard Virenque.[21][22]

Classification leadership by stage[23][24]
Stage	Winner	General classification	Points classification	Mountains classification	Young rider classification[lower-alpha 1]	Team classification	Combativity
Stage	Winner	General classification	Points classification	Mountains classification	Young rider classification[lower-alpha 1]	Team classification	Award	Classification
P	Chris Boardman	Chris Boardman	Chris Boardman	not awarded	Eddy Seigneur	GAN	no award
1	Djamolidine Abdoujaparov		Djamolidine Abdoujaparov	Jean-Paul van Poppel
2	Jean-Paul van Poppel			Peter De Clercq			Stephen Swart	Stephen Swart
3	GB-MG Maglifico	Johan Museeuw			Lance Armstrong	GB–MG Maglificio	no award	Stephen Swart
4	Francisco Cabello	Flavio Vanzella					Francisco Cabello	Francisco Cabello
5	Nicola Minali	Flavio Vanzella					Giancarlo Perini	Francisco Cabello
6	Gianluca Bortolami	Sean Yates				Motorola
7	Ján Svorada	Johan Museeuw					Eros Poli	Eros Poli
8	Bo Hamburger	Johan Museeuw					Luc Leblanc
9	Miguel Indurain	Miguel Indurain			Abraham Olano	Mapei–CLAS	no award
10	Jacky Durand					Castorama	Gianluca Bortolami	Jacky Durand
11	Luc Leblanc					Mapei–CLAS	Massimo Ghirotto
12	Richard Virenque			Richard Virenque	Richard Virenque	Festina–Lotus	Richard Virenque
13	Bjarne Riis
14	Rolf Sørensen
15	Eros Poli						Eros Poli	Eros Poli
16	Roberto Conti						Hernán Buenahora
17	Nelson Rodríguez Serna
18	Piotr Ugrumov						Piotr Ugrumov
19	Piotr Ugrumov				Marco Pantani		no award
20	Djamolidine Abdoujaparov
21	Eddy Seigneur
Final		Miguel Indurain	Djamolidine Abdoujaparov	Richard Virenque	Marco Pantani	Festina–Lotus	Eros Poli

In stage 1, Miguel Indurain wore the green jersey.

Final standings

Legend
	Denotes the winner of the general classification[1]		Denotes the winner of the mountains classification[1]
	Denotes the winner of the points classification[1]

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)[25]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Miguel Indurain (ESP)	Banesto	103h 38' 38"
2	Piotr Ugrumov (LAT)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 5' 39"
3	Marco Pantani (ITA)	Carrera Jeans–Tassoni	+ 7' 19"
4	Luc Leblanc (FRA)	Festina–Lotus	+ 10' 03"
5	Richard Virenque (FRA)	Festina–Lotus	+ 10' 10"
6	Roberto Conti (ITA)	Lampre–Panaria	+ 12' 29"
7	Alberto Elli (ITA)	GB–MG Maglificio	+ 20' 17"
8	Alex Zülle (SUI)	ONCE	+ 20' 35"
9	Udo Bölts (GER)	Team Telekom	+ 25' 19"
10	Vladimir Poulnikov (UKR)	Carrera Jeans–Tassoni	+ 25' 28"

Final general classification (11–117)[25]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
11	Pascal Lino (FRA)	Festina–Lotus	+ 26' 01"
12	Fernando Escartín (ESP)	Mapei–CLAS	+ 30' 38"
13	Gianluca Bortolami (ITA)	Mapei–CLAS	+ 32' 35"
14	Bjarne Riis (DEN)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 33' 32"
15	Oscar Pelliccioli (ITA)	Team Polti–Vaporetto	+ 34' 55"
16	Nelson Rodriguez (COL)	ZG Mobili	+ 35' 18"
17	Jean-François Bernard (FRA)	Banesto	+ 36' 44"
18	Hernán Buenahora (COL)	Kelme–Avianca–Gios	+ 38' 00"
19	Rolf Sørensen (DEN)	GB–MG Maglificio	+ 42' 39"
20	Bo Hamburger (DEN)	TVM–Bison Kit	+ 43' 44"
21	Thomas Davy (FRA)	Castorama	+ 46' 41"
22	Eric Caritoux (FRA)	Chazal–MBK	+ 47' 19"
23	Federico Muñoz (COL)	Kelme–Avianca–Gios	+ 48' 33"
24	Jim Van De Laer (BEL)	Lotto	+ 48' 35"
25	Bruno Cenghialta (ITA)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 51' 30"
26	Charly Mottet (FRA)	Novemail–Histor–Laser Computer	+ 51' 44"
27	Beat Zberg (SUI)	Carrera Jeans–Tassoni	+ 57' 06"
28	Gerd Audehm (GER)	Team Telekom	+ 57' 44"
29	Erik Breukink (NED)	ONCE	+ 59' 55"
30	Abraham Olano (ESP)	Mapei–CLAS	+ 1h 01' 29"
31	Alvaro Mejia (COL)	Motorola	+ 1h 01' 43"
32	Ramon Gonzalez (ESP)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 1h 02' 40"
33	Pascal Hervé (FRA)	Festina–Lotus	+ 1h 07' 16"
34	Federico Echave (ESP)	Mapei–CLAS	+ 1h 07' 45"
35	Laurent Dufaux (SUI)	ONCE	+ 1h 09' 30"
36	Viatcheslav Ekimov (RUS)	WordPerfect–Colnago–Decca	+ 1h 09' 50"
37	Franco Vona (ITA)	GB–MG Maglificio	+ 1h 10' 41"
38	Rolf Aldag (GER)	Team Telekom	+ 1h 10' 59"
39	Enrico Zaina (ITA)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 1h 12' 16"
40	Arsenio Gonzalez (ESP)	Mapei–CLAS	+ 1h 12' 41"
41	Flavio Vanzella (ITA)	GB–MG Maglificio	+ 1h 24' 05"
42	Franco Chioccioli (ITA)	Mercatone Uno–Medeghini	+ 1h 26' 52"
43	François Simon (FRA)	Castorama	+ 1h 30' 50"
44	Arturas Kasputis (LIT)	Chazal–MBK	+ 1h 37' 46"
45	Jesper Skibby (DEN)	TVM–Bison Kit	+ 1h 41' 21"
46	Davide Perona (ITA)	ZG Mobili	+ 1h 43' 05"
47	Jean-Claude Bagot (FRA)	Festina–Lotus	+ 1h 44' 06"
48	Miguel Arroyo (MEX)	Chazal–MBK	+ 1h 44' 11"
49	José Ramon Uriarte (ESP)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 1h 44' 51"
50	Dag Otto Lauritzen (NOR)	TVM–Bison Kit	+ 1h 45' 54"
51	Eddy Seigneur (FRA)	GAN	+ 1h 47' 15"
52	Neil Stephens (AUS)	ONCE	+ 1h 47' 59"
53	Thierry Marie (FRA)	Castorama	+ 1h 48' 47"
54	Giancarlo Perini (ITA)	ZG Mobili	+ 1h 50' 07"
55	Angel Yesid Camargo (COL)	Kelme–Avianca–Gios	+ 1h 50' 08"
56	Gerard Rué (FRA)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 1h 51' 28"
57	Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB)	Team Polti–Vaporetto	+ 1h 51' 34"
58	Giorgio Furlan (ITA)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 1h 52' 18"
59	Jörg Müller (SUI)	Mapei–CLAS	+ 1h 52' 19"
60	Jens Heppner (GER)	Team Telekom	+ 1h 53' 46"
61	Andrea Peron (ITA)	Team Polti–Vaporetto	+ 1h 53' 47"
62	Vladislav Bobrik (RUS)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 1h 55' 12"
63	Serhiy Utchakov (UKR)	Team Polti–Vaporetto	+ 1h 57' 31"
64	Christophe Manin (FRA)	Chazal–MBK	+ 1h 58' 02"
65	Mauro-Antonio Santaromita (ITA)	ZG Mobili	+ 1h 58' 09"
66	Ronan Pensec (FRA)	Novemail–Histor–Laser Computer	+ 1h 59' 02"
67	Vicente Aparicio (ESP)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 1h 59' 34"
68	Luc Roosen (BEL)	Lotto	+ 2h 00' 43"
69	Phil Anderson (AUS)	Motorola	+ 2h 01' 13"
70	Raúl Alcalá (MEX)	Motorola	+ 2h 04' 41"
71	Sean Yates (GBR)	Motorola	+ 2h 04' 45"
72	Dimitri Zhdanov (RUS)	Team Polti–Vaporetto	+ 2h 08' 20"
73	Rolf Järmann (SUI)	GB–MG Maglificio	+ 2h 10' 46"
74	Philippe Louviot (FRA)	Novemail–Histor–Laser Computer	+ 2h 12' 10"
75	Massimo Ghirotto (ITA)	ZG Mobili	+ 2h 12' 49"
76	Carlo Bomans (BEL)	GB–MG Maglificio	+ 2h 12' 55"
77	Gerrit de Vries (NED)	Novemail–Histor–Laser Computer	+ 2h 14' 53"
78	Thierry Gouvenou (FRA)	GAN	+ 2h 15' 23"
79	Atle Kvålsvoll (NOR)	WordPerfect–Colnago–Decca	+ 2h 15' 23"
80	Johan Museeuw (BEL)	GB–MG Maglificio	+ 2h 17' 26"
81	Pascal Chanteur (FRA)	Chazal–MBK	+ 2h 17' 36"
82	Peter De Clercq (BEL)	Lotto	+ 2h 21' 43"
83	Stephen Hodge (AUS)	Festina–Lotus	+ 2h 23' 50"
84	Uwe Raab (GER)	Team Telekom	+ 2h 24' 38"
85	Julio-César Cadena (COL)	Kelme–Avianca–Gios	+ 2h 24' 52"
86	Marco Zen (ITA)	Lampre–Panaria	+ 2h 25' 13"
87	Francisco Cabello (ESP)	Kelme–Avianca–Gios	+ 2h 25' 35"
88	Guy Nulens (BEL)	Novemail–Histor–Laser Computer	+ 2h 25' 52"
89	Frankie Andreu (USA)	Motorola	+ 2h 26' 24"
90	Guido Bontempi (ITA)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 2h 26' 27"
91	Bruno Thibout (FRA)	Castorama	+ 2h 26' 42"
92	Marc Wauters (BEL)	WordPerfect–Colnago–Decca	+ 2h 28' 38"
93	Hendrik Redant (BEL)	ZG Mobili	+ 2h 28' 57"
94	Silvio Martinello (ITA)	Mercatone Uno–Medeghini	+ 2h 29' 04"
95	Melchor Mauri (ESP)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 2h 30' 20"
96	Ángel Edo (ESP)	Kelme–Avianca–Gios	+ 2h 31' 01"
97	Mario Kummer (GER)	Team Telekom	+ 2h 31' 42"
98	Rudy Verdonck (BEL)	Lotto	+ 2h 32' 24"
99	Erwin Nijboer (NED)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 2h 34' 27"
100	Cezary Zamana (POL)	Kelme–Avianca–Gios	+ 2h 34' 43"
101	Erik Dekker (NED)	WordPerfect–Colnago–Decca	+ 2h 34' 52"
102	Alberto Leanizbarrutia (ESP)	ONCE	+ 2h 36' 05"
103	Ján Svorada (SVK)	Lampre–Panaria	+ 2h 36' 25"
104	Michel Dernies (BEL)	Motorola	+ 2h 36' 31"
105	Olaf Ludwig (GER)	Team Telekom	+ 2h 37' 37"
106	Christian Henn (GER)	Team Telekom	+ 2h 37' 48"
107	Dario Bottaro (ITA)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 2h 39' 17"
108	Davide Cassani (ITA)	GB–MG Maglificio	+ 2h 41' 32"
109	Herminio Diaz (ESP)	ONCE	+ 2h 42' 06"
110	Giovanni Fidanza (ITA)	Team Polti–Vaporetto	+ 2h 42' 47"
111	Remo Rossi (ITA)	Carrera Jeans–Tassoni	+ 2h 43' 51"
112	Stephen Swart (NZL)	Motorola	+ 2h 44' 38"
113	Francis Moreau (FRA)	GAN	+ 2h 51' 13"
114	Mario Chiesa (ITA)	Carrera Jeans–Tassoni	+ 2h 52' 02"
115	Eros Poli (ITA)	Mercatone Uno–Medeghini	+ 2h 52' 41"
116	Rob Mulders (NED)	WordPerfect–Colnago–Decca	+ 3h 08' 32"
117	John Talen (NED)	Mercatone Uno–Medeghini	+ 3h 39' 03"

Points classification

Final points classification (1–10)[5][26]
Rank	Rider	Team	Points
1	Djamolidine Abdoujaparov (UZB)	Team Polti–Vaporetto	322
2	Silvio Martinello (ITA)	Mercatone Uno–Medeghini	273
3	Ján Svorada (SVK)	Lampre–Panaria	230
4	Gianluca Bortolami (ITA)	Mapei–CLAS	188
5	Miguel Indurain (ESP)	Banesto	132
6	Olaf Ludwig (GER)	Team Telekom	122
7	Johan Museeuw (BEL)	GB–MG Maglificio	118
8	François Simon (FRA)	Castorama	105
9	Luc Leblanc (FRA)	Festina–Lotus	103
10	Ángel Edo (ESP)	Kelme–Avianca–Gios	102

Mountains classification

Final mountains classification (1–10)[5][26]
Rank	Rider	Team	Points
1	Richard Virenque (FRA)	Festina–Lotus	392
2	Marco Pantani (ITA)	Carrera Jeans–Tassoni	243
3	Piotr Ugrumov (LAT)	Gewiss–Ballan	219
4	Miguel Indurain (ESP)	Banesto	215
5	Peter De Clercq (BEL)	Lotto	192
6	Luc Leblanc (FRA)	Festina–Lotus	176
7	Oscar Pelliccioli (ITA)	Team Polti–Vaporetto	151
8	Roberto Conti (ITA)	Lampre–Panaria	147
9	Nelson Rodriguez (COL)	ZG Mobili	142
10	Udo Bölts (GER)	Team Telekom	119

Young rider classification

Final young rider classification (1–10)[5][26]
Rank	Rider	Team	Time
1	Marco Pantani (ITA)	Carrera Jeans–Tassoni	103h 45' 57"
2	Richard Virenque (FRA)	Festina–Lotus	+ 2' 51"
3	Bo Hamburger (DEN)	TVM–Bison Kit	+ 36' 25"
4	Beat Zberg (SUI)	Carrera Jeans–Tassoni	+ 49' 17"
5	Abraham Olano (ESP)	Mapei–CLAS	+ 54' 10"
6	Laurent Dufaux (SUI)	ONCE	+ 1h 02' 11"
7	Eddy Seigneur (FRA)	GAN	+ 1h 39' 56"
8	Andrea Peron (ITA)	Team Polti–Vaporetto	+ 1h 46' 28"
9	Vladislav Bobrik (RUS)	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 1h 47' 53"
10	Vicente Aparicio (ESP)	Banesto	+ 1h 52' 15"

Team classification

Final team classification (1–10)[5][26]
Rank	Team	Time
1	Festina–Lotus	311h 28' 53"
2	Gewiss–Ballan	+ 42' 57"
3	Mapei–CLAS	+ 44' 38"
4	Banesto	+ 48' 25"
5	Carrera Jeans–Tassoni	+ 50' 55"
6	GB–MG Maglificio	+ 1h 06' 06"
7	ONCE	+ 1h 20' 47"
8	Team Telekom	+ 1h 51' 04"
9	Kelme–Avianca–Gios	+ 1h 55' 47"
10	Castorama	+ 2h 14' 58"

Combativity classification

Final combativity classification (1–3)[5]
Rank	Rider	Team	Points
1	Eros Poli (ITA)	Mercatone Uno–Medeghini	34
2	Marco Pantani (ITA)	Carrera Jeans–Tassoni	32
3	Piotr Ugrumov (LAT)	Gewiss–Ballan	21

Notes

A white jersey was not awarded to the leader of the young rider classification between 1989 and 1999.[18]

References

"Le Tour" [The Tour] (PDF). Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 25 July 1994. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2016.
"Ploeg Priem nog niet zeker van de Tour". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). ANP. 18 May 1994. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
"Tourdirecteur Leblanc geeft ploeg Jaskula rood licht". Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). 15 June 1994. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
"The history of the Tour de France – Year 1994 – The starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
"81ème Tour de France 1994" [81st Tour de France 1994]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Retrieved 6 April 2020.
Augendre 2016, p. 85.
Lewis, Phil (2 July 2014). "Archive: the Tour de France in Britain". theguardian.com. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
Augendre 2016, p. 181.
"Bergetappes" [Mountain stages]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). 2 July 1994. p. 31 – via Delpher.
Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC top ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
"The history of the Tour de France – Year 1994 – The stage winners". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
Augendre 2016, p. 110.
Bill and Carol McGann. "1994 Tour de France". Bike Race Info. Dog Ear Publishing. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–455.
Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–453.
Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 453–454.
Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 454.
Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 454–455.
Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 455.
van den Akker 2018, pp. 211–216.
"Drijzengeld Tour '94" [Tour money '94]. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 29 June 1994. p. 26 – via Delpher.
"Van km tot km" [From km to km]. Trouw (in Dutch). 16 July 1994. p. 13 – via Delpher.
"Tour de France 1994 – Leaders overview". ProCyclingStats. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 1994" [Information about the Tour de France from 1994]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
"The history of the Tour de France – Year 1994 – Stage 21 Disneyland-Paris > Paris". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
Deblander, Bruno (25 July 1994). "Miguel Indurain va desormais au Tour par quatre chemins un tour sans peril, ce n'est pas la gloire Ugrumov n'a pas de regret" (in French). Le soir. pp. 19–23. Retrieved 12 May 2013.

Bibliography

Augendre, Jacques (2016). Guide historique [Historical guide] (PDF). Tour de France (in French). Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2008). The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007. 2. Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59858-608-4.
Nauright, John; Parrish, Charles (2012). Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-300-2.
van den Akker, Pieter (2018). Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018. Self-published. ISBN 978-1-79398-080-9.

External links

Media related to 1994 Tour de France at Wikimedia Commons

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[white-jersey-25] A white jersey was not awarded to the leader of the young rider classification between 1989 and 1999.[18]

[elm_stage_21_results_and_final_standings-1] "Le Tour" [The Tour] (PDF). Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 25 July 1994. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2016.

[2] "Ploeg Priem nog niet zeker van de Tour". Leeuwarder Courant (in Dutch). ANP. 18 May 1994. Retrieved 20 January 2013.

[NoJaskula-3] "Tourdirecteur Leblanc geeft ploeg Jaskula rood licht". Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). 15 June 1994. Retrieved 20 January 2013.

[letour-start-list-4] "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1994 – The starters". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.

[mdc1994-5] "81ème Tour de France 1994" [81st Tour de France 1994]. Mémoire du cyclisme (in French). Retrieved 6 April 2020.

[FOOTNOTEAugendre201685-6] Augendre 2016, p. 85.

[7] Lewis, Phil (2 July 2014). "Archive: the Tour de France in Britain". theguardian.com. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved 15 October 2018.

[FOOTNOTEAugendre2016181-8] Augendre 2016, p. 181.

[9] "Bergetappes" [Mountain stages]. de Volkskrant (in Dutch). 2 July 1994. p. 31 – via Delpher.

[topten-10] Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC top ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2011.

[letour-stage-winners-11] "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1994 – The stage winners". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.

[FOOTNOTEAugendre2016110-12] Augendre 2016, p. 110.

[bikeraceinfo_1994_Tour-13] Bill and Carol McGann. "1994 Tour de France". Bike Race Info. Dog Ear Publishing. Retrieved 16 April 2013.

[FOOTNOTENaurightParrish2012452–455-14] Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–455.

[FOOTNOTENaurightParrish2012452–453-15] Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 452–453.

[FOOTNOTENaurightParrish2012453–454-16] Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 453–454.

[FOOTNOTENaurightParrish2012454-17] Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 454.

[FOOTNOTENaurightParrish2012454–455-18] Nauright & Parrish 2012, pp. 454–455.

[FOOTNOTENaurightParrish2012455-19] Nauright & Parrish 2012, p. 455.

[FOOTNOTEvan_den_Akker2018211–216-20] van den Akker 2018, pp. 211–216.

[21] "Drijzengeld Tour '94" [Tour money '94]. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 29 June 1994. p. 26 – via Delpher.

[22] "Van km tot km" [From km to km]. Trouw (in Dutch). 16 July 1994. p. 13 – via Delpher.

[23] "Tour de France 1994 – Leaders overview". ProCyclingStats. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.

[tdf-statistics-24] van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 1994" [Information about the Tour de France from 1994]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.

[letour-class-final-26] "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1994 – Stage 21 Disneyland-Paris > Paris". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 2 April 2020.

[lesoir-27] Deblander, Bruno (25 July 1994). "Miguel Indurain va desormais au Tour par quatre chemins un tour sans peril, ce n'est pas la gloire Ugrumov n'a pas de regret" (in French). Le soir. pp. 19–23. Retrieved 12 May 2013.