2959 Scholl

2959 Scholl, provisional designation 1983 RE2, is a carbonaceous Hildian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 34 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 September 1983 by English–American astronomer Edward Bowell of the Lowell Observatory at Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona.[10] The asteroid was named after German astronomer Hans Scholl.[2]

2959 Scholl
Discovery [1]
Discovered byE. Bowell
Discovery siteAnderson Mesa Stn.
Discovery date4 September 1983
Designations
(2959) Scholl
Named after
Hans Scholl
(German astronomer)[2]
1983 RE2 · 1968 UB3
1977 UK · 1978 EY1
main-belt · (outer)
Hilda [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc48.53 yr (17,727 days)
Aphelion5.0276 AU
Perihelion2.8597 AU
3.9436 AU
Eccentricity0.2749
7.83 yr (2,861 days)
79.809°
0° 7m 33.24s / day
Inclination5.2330°
121.24°
285.08°
Jupiter MOID0.5192 AU
Physical characteristics
Dimensions32.783±0.319 km[4]
34.11±1.9 km[5]
34.15 km (derived)[3]
35.70±0.77 km[6]
45.60±15.37 km[7]
16 h[8]
0.04±0.04[7]
0.049±0.002[6]
0.0503±0.006[5]
0.054±0.015[4]
0.055 (derived)[3]
C [3]
11.00[7] · 11.1[1][3][8] · 11.84±0.25[9] · 11.2[5][6]

    Orbit and classification

    Scholl is a member of the Hilda family, a large group that orbits in resonance with the gas giant Jupiter and are thought to originate from the Kuiper belt. Scholl orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.9–5.0 AU once every 7 years and 10 months (2,861 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.27 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] On 23 October 1963, the asteroid was first identified as 1968 UB3 at Crimea–Nauchnij, extending the body's observation arc by 20 years prior to its official discovery observation at Flagstaff.[10]

    Physical characteristics

    Scholl is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid.[3]

    Rotation period

    A rotational lightcurve of Scholl was obtained from photometric observations by Swedish, Spanish, Italian and German astronomers. Published in 1998, the fragmentary lightcurve gave a rotation period of 16 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.14 magnitude (U=1).[8]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Scholl measures between 32.783 and 45.60 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.04 and 0.054.[4][5][6][7]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.055 and a diameter of 34.15 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.1.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named in honor of German astronomer Hans Scholl (born 1942), who worked at the Astronomical Calculation Institute, Heidelberg, and Côte d'Azur Observatory in Nice, France. He is a co-discoverer of many minor planets and three moons of Uranus.[2]

    The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 May 1984 (M.P.C. 8802).[11]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2959 Scholl (1983 RE2)" (2017-05-06 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(2959) Scholl". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2959) Scholl. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 243–244. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2960. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (2959) Scholl". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 August 2017.
    4. Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J.; Masiero, J.; Spahr, T.; McMillan, R. S.; et al. (January 2012). "WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Hilda Population: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 744 (2): 15. arXiv:1110.0283. Bibcode:2012ApJ...744..197G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/744/2/197. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
    5. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    6. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    7. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
    8. Dahlgren, M.; Lahulla, J. F.; Lagerkvist, C.-I.; Lagerros, J.; Mottola, S.; Erikson, A.; et al. (June 1998). "A Study of Hilda Asteroids. V. Lightcurves of 47 Hilda Asteroids". Icarus. 133 (2): 247–285. Bibcode:1998Icar..133..247D. doi:10.1006/icar.1998.5919. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
    9. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
    10. "2959 Scholl (1983 RE2)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
    11. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 August 2017.

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