3204 Lindgren

3204 Lindgren, provisional designation 1978 RH, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 1 September 1978, by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula.[1] The B-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.6 hours.[8] It was named after Swedish writer Astrid Lindgren.[1]

3204 Lindgren
Discovery [1]
Discovered byN. Chernykh
Discovery siteCrimean Astrophysical Obs.
Discovery date1 September 1978
Designations
(3204) Lindgren
Named after
Astrid Lindgren [1]
(Swedish writer)
1978 RH · 1980 CQ
1980 DM
main-belt [1][2] · (outer)
background [3]
Orbital characteristics [2]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc39.06 yr (14,266 d)
Aphelion4.0411 AU
Perihelion2.2764 AU
3.1588 AU
Eccentricity0.2793
5.61 yr (2,051 d)
327.09°
0° 10m 32.16s / day
Inclination2.0630°
108.70°
298.30°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
18.95±0.80 km[4]
19.596±0.248 km[5][6]
20.2±2.0 km[7]
20.21 km (calculated)[8]
21±2 km[9]
5.614±0.0047 h[10]
5.618±0.0047 h[10]
0.05±0.01[9]
0.057 (assumed)[8]
0.06±0.01[7]
0.0606±0.0151[6]
0.063±0.007[5]
0.065±0.006[4]
B (S3OS2)[11]
C (assumed)[8]
12.10[7]
12.170±0.001 (R)[10]
12.20[2][4][6][8][9]
12.35±0.23[12]
12.582±0.001 (S)[10]

    Orbit and classification

    Lindgren is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[3] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–4.0 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,051 days; semi-major axis of 3.16 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.28 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.[2] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Nauchnij in 1978.[1]

    Physical characteristics

    Lindgren has been characterized as a "bright" carbonaceous B-type asteroid in both the Tholen-like and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2).[11] It is also an assumed C-type asteroid.[8]

    Rotation period

    In August 2012, two rotational lightcurves of Lindgren were obtained from photometric observations by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 5.614 and 5.618 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.15 magnitude in the S- and R-band, respectively (U=2/2).[10]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Lindgren measures between 19 and 21 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.05 and 0.065.[4][5][6][7][9]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 20.21 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.2.[8]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Swedish writer Astrid Lindgren (1907–2002), a recipient of the Hans Christian Andersen Award and known for her children's books such as Pippi Longstocking.[1] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 April 1988 (M.P.C. 12971).[13]

    References
    1. "3204 Lindgren (1978 RH)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
    2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3204 Lindgren (1978 RH)" (2017-09-22 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
    3. "Asteroid 3204 Lindgren – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    4. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 4 May 2018. Online catalog
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68.
    6. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. (catalog)
    7. Alí-Lagoa, V.; Licandro, J.; Gil-Hutton, R.; Cañ; ada-Assandri, M.; Delbo', M.; et al. (June 2016). "Differences between the Pallas collisional family and similarly sized B-type asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 591: 11. Bibcode:2016A&A...591A..14A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527660.
    8. "LCDB Data for (3204) Lindgren". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 4 May 2018.
    9. Alí-Lagoa, V.; de León, J.; Licandro, J.; Delbó, M.; Campins, H.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; et al. (June 2013). "Physical properties of B-type asteroids from WISE data". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 554: 16. arXiv:1303.5487. Bibcode:2013A&A...554A..71A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220680.
    10. Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75.
    11. Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
    12. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007.
    13. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 4 May 2018.

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