3544 Borodino

3544 Borodino (prov. designation: 1977 RD4) is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 7 September 1977, by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula.[1] The likely elongated S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.44 hours.[3] It was named for the Russian village of Borodino where the Battle of Borodino took place.[1]

3544 Borodino
Shape model of Borodino from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byN. Chernykh
Discovery siteCrimean Astrophysical Obs.
Discovery date7 September 1977
Designations
(3544) Borodino
Named after
Borodino (village)
(Battle of Borodino)
1977 RD4 · 1936 QJ1
1943 GM · 1947 LO
1951 RW1 · 1951 SJ
1980 FM11 · 1981 RN5
main-belt [1][2] · (inner)[3]
background [4]
Orbital characteristics [2]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc75.06 yr (27,414 d)
Aphelion2.9302 AU
Perihelion1.8718 AU
2.4010 AU
Eccentricity0.2204
3.72 yr (1,359 d)
344.02°
0° 15m 53.64s / day
Inclination8.9017°
147.61°
148.82°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
6.11±0.55 km[5]
8.502±0.075 km[6]
8.688±0.056 km[7]
5.435±0.00005 h[8]
5.437±0.001 h[9]
5.44±0.01 h[10]
5.442±0.002 h[lower-alpha 1]
  • (294.0°, −60.0°) (λ1/β1)[11]
  • (157.0°, −57.0°) (λ2/β2)[11]
0.2361±0.0290[7]
0.247±0.027[12]
0.474±0.088[5]
S (assumed)[3]
12.4[2][3]
12.50[5][7]

    Orbit and classification

    Borodino is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[4] It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,359 days; semi-major axis of 2.4 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.22 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.[2] The asteroid was first observed as 1936 QJ1 at Johannesburg Observatory in August 1936. The body's observation arc begins with its observations as 1943 GM at Turku Observatory in April 1943, or more than 34 years prior to its official discovery observation at Nauchnij.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the Russian village of Borodino near Moscow where the Battle of Borodino took place in September 1812 during the Napoleonic Wars.[1] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 10 November 1992 (M.P.C. 21130).[13]

    Physical characteristics

    Borodino is an assumed stony S-type asteroid, which agrees with the albedo measured (see below) by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).[3]

    Rotation period

    Several rotational lightcurves of Borodino have been obtained from photometric observations since 2007. Best-rated lightcurve by Australian amateur astronomer David Higgins at the Hunters Hill Observatory (E14) gave a rotation period of 5.442 hours with a brightness variation of 0.60 magnitude (U=3).[lower-alpha 1] Other observations by French amateur astronomer Patrick Mazel, by astronomers at Texas A&M University, using the SARA-telescopes of the Southeastern Association for Research and Astronomy consortium, and by astronomers at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory, Australia, gave a period of 5.435, 5.437 and 5.44 hours with an amplitude of 0.74, 0.65 and 0.63 magnitude, respectively (U=n.a./3/2+).[8][9][10] A high brightness amplitude is indicative of a non-spherical shape.

    Poles

    Two lightcurves, published in 2016, using modeled photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database (LPD) and other sources, gave a concurring sidereal period of 5.43459±0.00001 and 5.43460±0.00005 hours, respectively. Each modeled lightcurve also determined two spin axes of (104.0°, −57.0°) and (267.0°, −53.0°), as well as (294.0°, −60.0°) and (157.0°, −57.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β), respectively.[14][11]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Borodino measures between 6.11 and 8.688 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.2361 and 0.474.[5][6][7][12] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 9.84 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.4.[3]

    Notes
    1. David Higgins (2011): rotation period 5.442±0.002 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.60±0.01 mag. Quality code is 3. Summary figures for (3544) Borodino at the LCDB and archived website of the Hunters Hill Observatory by David Higgins.

    References
    1. "3544 Borodino (1977 RD4)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
    2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3544 Borodino (1977 RD4)" (2018-04-26 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
    3. "LCDB Data for (3544) Borodino". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 15 May 2018.
    4. "Asteroid 3544 Borodino – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    5. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    7. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. (catalog)
    8. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (3544) Borodino". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
    9. Cantu, Sara; Adolphson, Max; Montgomery, Kent; Renshaw, Thomas (January 2015). "Lightcurves of Asteroids 2007 McCuskey, 2669 Shostakovich 3544 Borodino, and 7749 Jackschmitt" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 42 (1): 28–29. Bibcode:2015MPBu...42...28C. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
    10. Torno, Steven; Oliver, Robert Lemke; Ditteon, Richard (June 2008). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Oakley Southern Sky Observatory - October 2007" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 35 (2): 54–55. Bibcode:2008MPBu...35...54T. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
    11. Hanuš, J.; Ďurech, J.; Oszkiewicz, D. A.; Behrend, R.; Carry, B.; Delbo, M.; et al. (February 2016). "New and updated convex shape models of asteroids based on optical data from a large collaboration network". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 586: 24. arXiv:1510.07422. Bibcode:2016A&A...586A.108H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527441. ISSN 0004-6361.
    12. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J.; et al. (November 2011). "Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 20. arXiv:1109.4096. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68.
    13. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
    14. Durech, J.; Hanus, J.; Oszkiewicz, D.; Vanco, R. (March 2016). "Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 587: 6. arXiv:1601.02909. Bibcode:2016A&A...587A..48D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527573.
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