630s
The 630s decade ran from January 1, 630, to December 31, 639.
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
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Events
630
By place
Byzantine Empire
- March 21 – Emperor Heraclius returns the True Cross, one of the holiest Christian relics, to Jerusalem. He tries to promote Monothelitism, which is rejected by the Christians.[1]
- Heraclius issues a decree that all Jews must become Christian; a massacre follows around Jerusalem and in Galilee (Israel), some survivors fleeing to the Daraa area.[2]
- Chorpan Tarkhan, general of the Khazars, invades and devastates Roman Armenia. He defeats a Persian cavalry force (10,000 men) sent by Shahrbaraz to repel the invasion.
Scandinavia
- Yngling King Olof Trätälja founds a colony in Värmland. He is expelled from his native Västergötland (in modern-day Sweden) (according to the Ynglingatal).
Britain
- King Ricberht of East Anglia dies and is succeeded by Sigeberht, who returns from exile in France. He rules together with his kinsman Ecgric, re-establishing Christianity.
- King Penda of Mercia besieges Exeter in south-west England. King Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd lands with a force nearby, and negotiates an alliance with Penda.
- Eanswith, daughter of King Eadbald of Kent, founds the Benedictine Folkestone Priory, the first nunnery in England.[3]
Persia
- April 27 – King Ardashir III, age 9, is murdered after an 18 month reign. He is succeeded by Shahrbaraz who becomes ruler (shah) of the Sasanian Empire.[4]
- June 9 – Shahrbaraz is killed and succeeded by Borandukht, daughter of former king Khosrow II. She ascends the throne as 26th monarch of Persia.
Arabia
- January – Battle of Hunayn: Muhammad defeats the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin (12,000 men) in a valley, on one of the roads leading to Ta'if (Western Arabia).
- February 5 – Siege of Ta'if: Muhammad begins to besiege Ta'if and brings battering rams and catapults to suppress the fortress city, but is unable to penetrate it.[5]
- December 11 – Conquest of Mecca: A Muslim army (10,000 men) marches on Mecca, which surrenders. Muhammad takes the city from the Quraysh and makes it the spiritual center of Islam.
Asia
- Illig Qaghan, ruler (khagan) of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, is captured by Li Jing during the Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks.
By topic
Religion
- Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk (bhikkhu), travels across the Gobi Desert to Kumul. Following the Tian Shan mountain range of Central Asia westwards, he arrives in Turpan.
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Significant people
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References
- Whitby, Michael (2002). Rome at War AD 293–696. London: Osprey. p. 76. ISBN 1-84176-359-4.
- Nicolle, David (1994). Yarmuk 636 AD: The Muslim conquest of Syria. London: Osprey. p. 62. ISBN 1-85532-414-8.
- Yorke, Barbara (2003). Nunneries and the Anglo-Saxon Royal Houses. London: Continuum. p. 23. ISBN 0-8264-6040-2.
- Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sassanid Empire. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 181–183. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3.
- Muir, William (1861). The Life of Mahomet and the History of Islam. 4. London: Smith, Elder. p. 145.