647 Adelgunde

647 Adelgunde, provisional designation 1907 AD, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 11 September 1907, by German astronomer August Kopff at Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany.[10] The origin of the asteroid's name is unknown,[2] it may be derived from the name of Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria.

647 Adelgunde
Discovery [1]
Discovered byA. Kopff
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date11 September 1907
Designations
(647) Adelgunde
Named after
unknown [2]
1907 AD · 1930 SA
1949 YJ · 1960 PA
main-belt · (inner) [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc109.79 yr (40,102 days)
Aphelion2.9166 AU
Perihelion1.9659 AU
2.4412 AU
Eccentricity0.1947
3.81 yr (1,393 days)
237.76°
0° 15m 30.24s / day
Inclination7.3311°
254.68°
175.79°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions9.725±0.092[4]
9.769±0.108 km[5]
9.93±0.59 km[6]
13.69±0.76 km[7]
15.52 km (calculated)[3]
32.202±0.007 h[8]
0.20 (assumed)[3]
0.257±0.031[7]
0.488±0.105[6]
0.508±0.040[4]
0.5143±0.0862[5]
Tholen = X [1] · S [3]
B–V = 0.719[1]
U–B = 0.297[1]
10.89±0.57[9] · 11.41[1][3][5][6][7]

    Orbit and classification

    Adelgunde orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 10 months (1,393 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] As no precoveries were taken, Adelgunde's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation.[10]

    Physical characteristics

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the space-based observations by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Adelgunde measures between 9.72 and 9.93 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has a high albedo of 0.488–0.514.[4][5][6]

    Based on the survey carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, it measures 13.7 kilometers with an albedo of 0.26.[7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) agrees with the results obtained by AKARI, assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20, and calculates a diameter of 15.5 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.41.[3] As the diameters are typically inferred from the body's absolute brightness and its reflectively, a higher albedo results in a smaller diameter.

    Spectral type

    Adelgunde is an X-type asteroid on the Tholen taxonomic scheme,[1] while CALL assumes it to be a stony S-type asteroid.[3]

    Rotation period

    In August 2006, a rotational lightcurve of Adelgunde was obtained from photometric observations by astronomers Pierre Antonini and Antonio Vagnozzi. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 32.202 hours with a brightness variation of 0.28 in magnitude (U=3).[8]

    Name

    The origin of this minor planet's name is unknown.[2] It is speculated that the name comes from a list created in 1913 by the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut (ARI) containing suggestions of female names from history and mythology for the naming of minor planets. At the time, the naming process was not well developed and the ARI feared inconsistencies and potential confusion. The list was sent to several German astronomers, including Kopff, with the invitation to name all of their made discoveries up to number 700.[11]

    Unknown meaning

    Among the many thousands of named minor planets, Adelgunde is one of 120 asteroids, for which no official naming citation has been published. All of these low-numbered asteroids have numbers between 164 Eva and 1514 Ricouxa and were discovered between 1876 and the 1930s, predominantly by astronomers Auguste Charlois, Johann Palisa, Max Wolf and Karl Reinmuth (also see category).[12]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 647 Adelgunde (1907 AD)" (2017-06-27 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(647) Adelgunde". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (647) Adelgunde. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 64. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_648. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (647) Adelgunde". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 11 August 2016.
    4. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
    5. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
    7. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    8. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (647) Adelgunde". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
    9. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
    10. "647 Adelgunde (1907 AD)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
    11. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(579) Sidonia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (579) Sidonia; Naming ARI guidelines. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 59–60. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_580. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    12. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "Appendix 11 – Minor Planet Names with Unknown Meaning". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Fifth Revised and Enlarged revision. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 927–929. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.

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