836th Air Division

345th Bombardment Wing B-57B Canberras

F-100 formation[note 3]

The 836th Air Division was first organized in October 1957 at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia as the command headquarters for the 405th Fighter-Bomber Wing, equipped with North American F-100 Super Sabre aircraft, and the newly activated 345th Bombardment Wing flying Martin B-57 Canberras, both of which were stationed at Langley.[1][2][3] The 405th Wing also had the 429th Air Refueling Squadron with Boeing KB-50 Superfortresses attached to it.[3]

In July 1958, the 405th Wing at Langley was inactivated.[3] Although consideration had also been given in 1958 to inactivating the 345th Wing, international conditions delayed this action. In response to the Lebanon Crisis of 1958, Tactical Air Command deployed Composite Air Strike Force Bravo to Adana Air Base, Turkey. The 836th was tasked to provide one squadron of twelve B-57s to support this force. The B-57s, drawn from the 345th Wing's 498th Bombardment Squadron, were the first strike aircraft of the force to depart for Adana.[4] Although the bombers returned to Langley in the fall, the Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1958 called for a detachment of Canberras to deploy to Okinawa. Once these planes had returned to Langley, the 345th began to prepare for inactivation in June 1959, leaving the division with one wing and one group assigned.[2][5]

4505 Air Refueling Wing KB-50[note 4]

At nearly the same time the 405th Wing inactivated, TAC formed the 4505th Air Refueling Wing at Langley as a single headquarters for its air refueling squadrons, which were located on several bases. The wing's squadrons flew Boeing KB-50J and KB-50H Stratrfotresses, which added two jet engines to the B-50s original four reciprocating engines, and were designed to refuel three tactical aircraft at the same time. The 4505th also had a secondary mission of conducting antisubmarine warfare.[6] Although assigned directly to TAC headquarters, the wing was attached to the division in September 1958, then assigned in November and the division once again commanded two wings at Langley. One month after the 4505th Wing was added to the division's strength, the 4440th Aircraft Delivery Group was added to the division. The 4440th supervised delivery of aircraft from manufacturers and modification centers to operational units after TAC took over the delivery mission from the 1708th Ferrying Wing of Military Air Transport Service.[7] Tankers from the 4505th provided air refueling support for the delivery missions of the 4440th.[8]

When the division inactivated in July 1961, the 4440th Aircraft Delivery Group reported directly to TAC, while the 4505th Air Refueling Wing was reassigned to Ninth Air Force.[1][9]

12th Tactical Fighter Wing F-84Fs

12th Tactical Fighter Wing F-4[note 5]

The 836th was activated a second time in July 1962 at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, when Tactical Air Command (TAC) replaced Strategic Air Command as MacDill's host and the division's 836th Combat Support Group became the base's support organization.[10] The 12th Tactical Fighter Wing, which moved to MacDill from Bergstrom Air Force Base, Texas was assigned to the 836th, along with the 15th Tactical Fighter Wing, activated the same day as the division. Although these two wings were originally equipped with Republic F-84F Thunderstreak aircraft, by 1964 they became the first two McDonnell F-4 Phantom II wings in the Air Force.[1][11][12]

Initially, the 15th Wing provided logistical support and trained crews for both wings. However, it reorganized as a mission capable tactical fighter wing for the Cuban Missile Crisis in October.[12] Once the wings began to equip with the Phantom, the 15th Wing resumed the role of training crews on the new fighter.[12]

In October 1964 the division once again included the Super Sabre in its inventory, when the 31st Tactical Fighter Wing at Homestead Air Force Base, Florida, was assigned. This assignment also marked the first time the division was responsible for a wing stationed at another base.[1][13] The division added the 33d Tactical Fighter Wing when that wing activated at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida in April 1965.[14] The 836th supervised tests for weapon systems, aircraft armament and munitions, and tactical procedures through the 33d Wing, which included a test support division until December 1967, when its test operations expanded to include a full squadron.[1][14]

The division's wings at MacDill began deployments of their Phantoms to the Pacific for combat operations, beginning in December 1964 with the 555th Tactical Fighter Squadron of the 12th Wing. Continuing through most of 1965, either the 12th or 15th Wing had one of its squadrons detached for combat operations in Southeast Asia.[1][11][12] In November 1965, the entire 12th Wing moved to the new base at Cam Ranh Air Base, Vietnam. The wing's 557th and 559th Tactical Fighter Squadrons were briefly assigned directly to the division until they could join the wing at Cam Ranh.[15][16]

C130 Hercules as operated by the 4409th Support Squadron

In 1966 the 31st Wing became the second division wing to open operations at a new base in Vietnam when it left Homestead with its F-100s for Tuy Hoa Air Base.[13] Its personnel remaining at Homestead were reorganized into the 4531st Tactical Fighter Wing. The 4531st began equipping with the Phantom II to prepare for its new mission as an F-4 Replacement Training Unit, although its first replacement class did not start until June 1967 and it would be November 1967 before the wing was able to graduate its first class. The wing also operated Lockheed AT-33 T-Birds to conduct the air-to-air portion of replacement training and maintained Piasecki H-21 helicopters to support TAC's Sea Survival School, which moved to Homestead.[17][18][19][20]

The division again deployed subordinate units to Southeast Asia for combat operations starting in 1967.[note 6] Its 33d Wing trained entire combat ready squadrons, which deployed to the Pacific, where they were reflagged and returned to Eglin to form once again. Its 4th Tactical Fighter Squadron deployed in this manner once, while the 16th and 40th Tactical Fighter Squadrons each deployed two times between May 1967 and November 1968. In November 1969, the 40th deployed a third time, but did not return to reform.[1][14]

The 4531st Wing acted as the active duty air advisory unit for several Air National Guard fighter and air refueling units.[21] As a result, in May 1968, when the Pueblo Crisis occurred, two National Guard groups, the 174th Tactical Fighter Group at Martin State Airport, Maryland and the 175th Tactical Fighter Group at Hancock Field, New York were activated and assigned to the division.[1] These two groups were soon transferred to Cannon Air Force Base, where they reinforced the 140th Tactical Fighter Wing. In addition, the 4531st Wing deployed twenty F-4s of its 68th and 560th Tactical Fighter Squadrons and supporting personnel to Kunsan Air Base to expand the Air Force's presence in Korea.[22][23] The 15th Wing moved a squadron of its Phantoms to Seymour Johnson Air Force Base to temporarily replace some of the 4th Tactical Fighter Wing planes that had also deployed to Korea.[12]

B-57G Tropic Moon at MacDill AFB[note 7]

Later, in October 1968 the division began supervising B-57 bomber aircrew training, which moved from Clark Air Base, Philippines.[1][24] This now included training on the Tropic Moon B-57G, which was modified with sensors to increase its efficiency as a night attack aircraft. The 836th organized the first operational B-57G squadron, the 13th Bombardment Squadron.[25]

On 5 October 1969, a Cuban MiG-17 landed at one of the division's Florida bases, Homestead Air Force Base.[26] The aircraft was not detected on radar as it entered United States airspace, and its pilot parked it next to Air Force One, which was on the Homestead ramp at the time.[27] Although improvements to air defense in the southern United States were directed as a result of this incident, they had little impact on the division, which was almost entirely devoted to training crews for the war in Vietnam.[28]

On 1 October 1970, the 1st Tactical Fighter Wing absorbed the mission, personnel and equipment of the 15th Wing after moving on paper from Hamilton Air Force Base, California.[12] The division was inactivated in 1971 and its units reassigned to Ninth Air Force.[1][13][14][29]

Put in text The division was again activated at Davis Monthan Air Force Base in January 1981, when it replaced Tactical Training, Davis-Monthan and assumed its personnel and equipment.[30] The division's operational component was the 355th Tactical Training Wing, flying Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt IIs, and the 836th Combat Support Group was assigned to provide support for all units at Davis-Monthan, including The Military Aircraft Storage and Disposition Center. The division was the Air Force focal point for A-10 aircraft tactics, training, employment and readiness. The division was also assigned the 868th Tactical Missile Training Squadron, which trained Air Force personnel on the BGM-109G Gryphon.[1]

Cessna A-37B as flown by the 23d TASS

In September 1982, the 602d Tactical Air Control Wing moved to Davis-Monthan from Bergstrom Air Force Base and was assigned to the division.[1] The 23d Tactical Air Support Squadron, assigned to the 602d Wing, conducted Forward Air Controller training with the Cessna OA-37 Dragonfly, and later the North American OV-10 Bronco and the OA-10 Thunderbolt II.[31][32] In 1989, elements of the 602d deployed to support Operation Just Cause, the operation to remove Manuel Noriega as ruler of Panama.[31]

In 1985, the 868th Tactical Missile Training Group was activated and assigned to the division as the headquarters for the 868th Tactical Missile Training Squadron. The 868th Group was inactivated in May 1990 as the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty was implemented and the Gryphon removed from the Air Force's inventory.[1][33] However, the training capability of the 868th proved useful during Operation Desert Storm. The Air Force had determined to use ground launched Northrop BQM-74 Chukar drones as decoys to degrade the Iraqi air defense system. Taking advantage of the 868th's experience in operating ground launched missiles, the 4468th Tactical Group was formed from its former members in September 1990 and deployed to Saudi Arabia in October to operate two launch sites near the Iraqi border. On 17 January 1991, these decoys, together with Navy air-launched decoys were sent against Iraqi air defenses in Operation Scathe Mean. Iraqi radars engaging the decoys were then attacked by anti-radar missiles, degrading the air defenses of Baghdad. After the end of the war the 4468th was inactivated in 1992.[34]

The division was inactivated in May 1992 as the Air Force implemented the Objective Wing reorganization, which established a single wing as the headquarters for each base.[1] The 355th Fighter Wing was reassigned directly to Twelfth Air Force and the mission and personnel of the 836th Combat Support Group were transferred to the 355th Support Group.[35]

• Ninth Air Force, 8 October 1957 – 1 July 1961
• Tactical Air Command, 14 June 1962 (not organized)
• Ninth Air Force, 1 July 1962 – 30 June 1971
• Twelfth Air Force, 1 January 1981 – 1 May 1992[36]

• Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, 8 October 1957 – 1 July 1961
• MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, 1 July 1962 – 30 June 1971
• Davis Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, 1 January 1981 – 1 May 1992[36]

Wings

• 1st Tactical Fighter Wing: 1 October 1970 – 30 June 1971
• 12th Tactical Fighter Wing: 1 July 1962 – 8 November 1965
• 15th Tactical Fighter Wing: 1 July 1962 – 1 October 1970
• 31st Tactical Fighter Wing: 1 October 1964 – 1 January 1965; 1 August – 25 December 1966 (attached to Seventh Air Force after 6 December 1966)[13]

Homestead Air Force Base, Florida[13]

• 33d Tactical Fighter Wing: 1 April 1965 – 30 June 1971

Eglin Air Force Base, Florida[14]

• 345th Bombardment Wing: 8 October 1957 – 25 June 1959[2][note 8]
• 355th Tactical Training Wing (later 355th Fighter Wing): 1 January 1981 – 1 May 1992
• 405th Fighter-Bomber Wing: 8 October 1957 – 1 July 1958
• 602d Tactical Air Control Wing: 1 September 1982 – 1 May 1992
• 4453d Combat Crew Training Wing (see 4453d Combat Crew Training Squadron)
• 4505th Air Refueling Wing: attached 1 September – 31 October 1958, assigned 1 November 1958 – 1 July 1961
• 4531st Tactical Fighter Wing: 1 November 1966 – 15 October 1970[36]

Groups

• 174th Tactical Fighter Group: 13 May – 1 June 1968
• 175th Tactical Fighter Group: 13 May – 1 June 1968
• 836th Air Base Group (later 836th Combat Support Group): 8 February 1957 – 22 March 1960, 1 July 1962 – 8 January 1969, 1 October 1981 – 1 May 1992[37]
• 868th Tactical Missile Training Group: 1 November 1985 – 31 May 1990
• 4440th Aircraft Delivery Group: attached 1 December 1958 – 31 January 1959, assigned 1 February 1959 – 31 March 1960
• 4440th Aircraft Delivery Group: 1 April 1960 – 1 July 1961 (different from above organization)
• 4453d Combat Crew Training Group (see 4453d Combat Crew Training Squadron)
• 4468th Tactical Group (later 4468th Tactical Reconnaissance Group; 4468th Reconnaissance Group): 27 September 1990 – 1 May 1992[36]

Squadrons

• 557th Tactical Fighter Squadron: 18 November – 1 December 1965
• 559th Tactical Fighter Squadron: 8 November – 27 December 1965
• 868th Tactical Missile Training Squadron: 1 July 1981 – 1 November 1985
• 4409th Support Squadron: 1 June 1965 – 1 February 1969

Homestead Air Force Base, Florida after 1968[38]

• 4453d Combat Crew Training Squadron (later 4453d Combat Crew Training Group, 4453d Combat Crew Training Wing): 1 January 1963 – 1 July 1964[33]

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

• Leonard, Barry (2009). History of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense (PDF). Vol II, 1955–1972. Fort McNair, DC: Center for Military History. ISBN 978-1-43792-131-1.
• Mueller, Robert (1989). Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6.
• Pfau, Richard A.; Greenhalgh, William H. Jr. (1978). The B-57G – Tropic Moon III, 1967–1972 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ASIN B004TNVLL6. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
• Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
• Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2014). Persian Gulf War Encyclopedia: A Political, Social, and Military History. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-61069-415-5.
• Van Staaveren, Jacob; Little, Robert D.; Burch, Wilhelmina (2012). Air Operations 1958: Lebanon and Taiwan. Defense Lion Publications. ISBN 978-0-9859730-3-2.

Further reading

• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556. (outline histories of component squadrons through 1963)
• Smith, Richard K. (1998). Seventy-Five Years of Inflight Refueling: Highlights, 1923–1998 (PDF). Air Force History and Museums Program. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Retrieved 13 August 2013. (TAC refueling units)