977 Philippa

977 Philippa (prov. designation: A922 GA or 1922 LV) is a large background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 65 kilometers (40 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 6 April 1922, by Russian–French astronomer Benjamin Jekhowsky at the Algiers Observatory in Northern Africa.[1] The C-type asteroid is likely irregular in shape and has a rotation period of 15.4 hours. It was named after French financier Baron Philippe de Rothschild (1902–1988).[2]

977 Philippa
Discovery [1]
Discovered byB. Jekhovsky
Discovery siteAlgiers Obs.
Discovery date6 April 1922
Designations
(977) Philippa
Named after
Philippe de Rothschild
(French financier)[2]
A922 GA · 1922 LV
A914 YA · 1914 YA
A919 XA · 1919 XA
main-belt [1][3] · (outer)
background [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc105.05 yr (38,370 d)
Aphelion3.1990 AU
Perihelion3.0366 AU
3.1178 AU
Eccentricity0.0260
5.51 yr (2,011 d)
355.29°
0° 10m 44.4s / day
Inclination15.174°
75.739°
72.694°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
  • 65.471±0.237 km[6]
  • 65.67±5.3 km[7]
  • 65.92±0.94 km[8]
15.405±0.005 h[9][lower-alpha 1]
  • 0.051±0.005[6]
  • 0.0555±0.010[7]
  • 0.056±0.002[8]
9.9[1][3]

    Orbit and classification

    Philippa is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 3.0–3.2 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,011 days; semi-major axis of 3.12 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.03 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic.[3]

    The asteroid was first observed as A914 YA (1914 YA) at Heidelberg Observatory in December 1912. The body's observation arc begins at Vienna Observatory on 1 May 1922, or one month after its official discovery observation at Algiers.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after French financier Baron Philippe de Rothschild (1902–1988). The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 94).[2]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen classification-SMASS classification, Philippa is a common carbonaceous C-type asteroid,[3] while in both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), the asteroid is an X-type.[5][10]

    Rotation period

    In April 2004, a rotational lightcurve of Philippa was obtained from photometric observations by Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado. Analysis of the classical bimodal lightcurve gave a rotation period of 15.405±0.005 hours with a high brightness amplitude of 0.49±0.02 magnitude, indicative of an irregular, non-spherical shape (U=3) [11][9][lower-alpha 1]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Philippa measures between 65.4 and 65.9 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.05 and 0.06.[6][7][8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results from IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0555 and a diameter of 65.67 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.67.[11] In April 2014, Philippa was also subject to an asteroid occultation, timed observations when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star. The measurements gave an estimated diameter of 65 kilometers.[5]

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plot of (977) Philippa , Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2004) rotation period 15.405±0.005 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.49±0.02 mag. Quality code of 3. Summary figures at the LCDB.

    References
    1. "977 Philippa (A922 GA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(977) Philippa". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 85. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_978. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 977 Philippa (A922 GA)" (2020-01-07 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
    4. "Asteroid 977 Philippa – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 977 Philippa". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
    8. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 9 February 2020. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    9. Warner, Brian D. (December 2004). "Lightcurve analysis for numbered asteroids 863, 903, 907, 928, 977, 1386 2841, and 75747" (PDF). Minor Planet Bulletin. 31 (4): 85–88. Bibcode:2004MPBu...31...85W. ISSN 1052-8091.
    10. Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
    11. "LCDB Data for (977) Philippa". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 9 February 2020.
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