Acacia murrayana

Sandplain wattle grows as a tall shrub or small tree typically to a height of 2 to 5 m (6 ft 7 in to 16 ft 5 in) but can grow as tall as 8 m (26 ft).[4] It is able to form suckers and form dense colonies. It has glabrous branchlets that are often covered in a fine white powdery coating giving it frosted appearance.[3] Like most Acacia species, it has phyllodes rather than true leaves. They are grey or pale green, with a length of 5 to 12 cm (2.0 to 4.7 in) and a width of 2 to 7 mm (0.079 to 0.276 in).[1] The glabrous and thinly coriaceous phyllodes have a linear to narrowly elliptic shape but are occasionally oblanceolate and have a minute, callous and curved mucro. The phyllodes midrib is not prominent and it has obscure lateral nerves that are longitudinally anastomosing.[3] In Western Australia it blooms between August and November[4] but it can flower as late as January in other places and produce profuse flower displays a seed crops in favourable conditions.[5] The flowers are bright yellow, and held in cylindrical clusters up to eight millimetres in diameter.[1] The spherical flower-heads are composed of 25 to 50 densley packed golden to light golden coloured flowers. The pods are flat and papery with a length of 5 to 8 cm (2.0 to 3.1 in) and a width of up to 1 cm (0.39 in).[1]

The species was first formally described by the botanist George Bentham in 1864 as part of the work Flora Australiensis. It was reclassified as Racosperma murrayanum in 1987 by Leslie Pedley then transferred back to genus Acacia in 2006.[6] A. murrayana resembles Acacia dietrichiana but belongs to the A. murrayana group of wattles along with Acacia gelasina, Acacia praelongata, Acacia pachyacra and Acacia subrigida. This group of wattles is allied with the Acacia victoriae and Acacia juncifolia groups.[3] The specific epithet honours Dr James Patrick Murray who was the collector of the type specimen as he travelled on Howitt's Expedition to Cooper Creek as the surgeon in 1862.[5]

It is widespread throughout Australia's arid zone, occurring on sand ridges and in disturbed areas. In Western Australia it has a scattered distribution throughout the Pilbara, Gascoyne, Mid West, northern Wheatbelt and Goldfields-Esperance regions where it is commonly situated on sandplains, sand dunes and along creek-lines growing in sandy soils.[4] The range of the tree extends from around Shark Bay and North West Cape in the west to the east through northern South Australia and the interior of the Northern Territory to the western edge of the Great Dividing Range around Mitchell in Queensland and Narrabri in New South Wales where it is usually part of mulga or spinifex communities.[3]

• List of Acacia species