Acatalepsy
In philosophy, acatalepsy (from the Greek ἀκαταληψία "inability to comprehend" from alpha privative and καταλαμβάνειν, "to seize") is incomprehensibleness, or the impossibility of comprehending or conceiving a thing.[1] It is the antithesis of the Stoic doctrine of katalepsis (i.e., the ability to apprehend).[2] According to the Stoics, katalepsis was true perception, but to the Pyrrhonists and Academic Skeptics, no perception could be known to be true. All perceptions were thus acataleptic, i.e. what, if any, conformity between the object and the perception of that object was unknown and, for the Academic Skeptics, could never be known.[2]
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For the Academic Skeptics, acatalepsy meant that human knowledge never amounts to certainty, but only to plausibility. For the Pyrrhonists it meant that knowledge was limited to the phantasiai (typically translated as "appearances," meaning a person's sensed experience) and the pathē (one's feelings). The Pyrrhonists attempted to show, while Academic Skeptics asserted, an absolute acatalepsia; all human science or knowledge, according to them, went no further than to appearances and verisimilitude.[1]
The Academic Skeptics responded to the Stoic doctrine of katalepsis with the following syllogism:
- There are true and false impressions (phantasiai)
- False impressions are non-kataleptic
- True impressions are always such that false impressions could appear identical to them
- Among impressions with no perceptible difference between them, it is impossible for some to be kataleptic and others not
- Therefore, there are no kataleptic impressions[3]
See also
Notes
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). "Acatalepsia". Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al.
- George Henry Lewes, 1863, The biographical history of philosophy, Volume 1, page 297
- Cicero, Academica 2.40