Aldo Castellani

Aldo Castellani, KCMG (8 September 1874[1] – 3 October 1971) was an Italian pathologist and bacteriologist.

Aldo Castellani, KCMG
Aldo Castellani in 1934
Born(1874-09-08)8 September 1874
Florence, Italy
Died3 October 1971(1971-10-03) (aged 97)
Lisbon, Portugal
NationalityItalian
CitizenshipItalian
Alma materUniversity of Florence
Known forCastellani’s paint
AwardsHonorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Scientific career
Fieldsdermatology, bacteriology
InstitutionsBonn, London, Colombo, Naples, St Louis, Lisbon
Academic advisorsCelso Pellizzari (1851–1925)

Life and achievements

Castellani was born in Florence and educated there, qualifying in medicine in 1899. He worked for a time in Bonn and joined the School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in London in 1901. As bacteriologist with the Royal Society Commission on Sleeping Sickness in 1902, he went to Entebbe, Uganda with George Carmichael Low and Cuthbert Christy. He demonstrated the cause and means of transmission of sleeping sickness, discovered the spirochete of yaws, and did other original work in bacteriology and in parasitic diseases of the skin. In 1903 he was appointed Bacteriologist to the Government of Ceylon at the Central laboratory in Colombo and continued research in mycology and bacteriology, describing several new species of intestinal bacilli.[2] He invented the absorption test for the serological identification of closely allied organisms. He left Ceylon in 1915 for Naples where he took the Chair of Medicine. He was involved during World War I in Serbia and Macedonia as a member of the Inter-Allied Sanitary Commission.

In 1919 Castellani went to London as Consultant to the Ministry of Pensions.[3] He became lecturer on mycology and mycotic diseases at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,[4] and established a consulting practice in Harley Street. He was knighted in 1928 as an Honorary KCMG [5] and in 1934 his daughter Jacqueline Castellani married Sir Miles Lampson.

Castellani's enthusiasm for Royal and eminent patients such as Benito Mussolini clouded his reputation and during World War II he supported Italy against the Allies, becoming chief of the Italian Army's medical service. War correspondent Alaric Jacob discovered his looted quarters in Cirene in December 1941 and was tempted to pass his correspondence to his son in law Sir Miles Lampson, then British Ambassador in Egypt.[6]

Castellani was President of the International Society of Dermatology from 1960–1964,[7] which he had founded in 1959. He was also professor of tropical medicine at the State University of Louisiana and also at the Royal University of Rome. He followed the Queen of Italy Marie José into exile in Portugal and ended his life as Professor at Lisbon's Institute of Tropical Medicine. Castellani died in 1971.[3] Castellani's paint (Carbol fuchsin solution) is still occasionally used to treat fungal skin infections.[8]

Literary works
  • Manual of tropical medicine, 1910 (with Albert John Chalmers)
  • Fungi and fungous diseases, 1928
  • Climate and acclimatisation, 1938
  • Manuale di clinica tropicale, (with Jacono)
  • Microbes, Men and Monarchs: A Doctor's Life in Many Lands: The Autobiography of Aldo Castellani Victor Gollancz LTD (1963)

References
  1. The year of birth is also given as 1877 in some sources
  2. Medical Research Institute, Sri Lanka Archived 19 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  3. CASTELLANI, Sir Aldo (1877–1971). London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
  4. "Sir Aldo Castellani". Nature. 130 (3291): 802. 1932. doi:10.1038/130802b0.
  5. His honours were withdrawn in the course of World War II, but later regranted by Queen Elizabeth II
  6. Jacob, Alaric (1944) A Traveller's War. Collins
  7. International Society of Dermatology
  8. Martindale, William; Blacow, Norman W. and Wade, Ainley (1972) The extra pharmacopoeia: incorporating Squire's "Companion." Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 0853690782. p. 198
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