Andalusia, Alabama

Andalusia is a city in and the county seat of Covington County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 9,015.[3]

Andalusia
City
First National Bank Building, Andalusia, 2014
Motto(s): 
"A proud heritage. A progressive future."
Location of Andalusia in Covington County, Alabama.
Coordinates: 31°18′N 86°29′W
CountryUnited States
StateAlabama
CountyCovington
Settled1841
Incorporated1884
Government
 • TypeMayor/City Council
 • MayorEarl Johnson
Area
 • Total19.81 sq mi (51.32 km2)
 • Land19.66 sq mi (50.91 km2)
 • Water0.16 sq mi (0.41 km2)
Elevation
348 ft (106 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total9,015
 • Estimate 
(2019)[2]
8,680
 • Density441.57/sq mi (170.49/km2)
Time zoneUTC-6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP code
36420 and 36421
Area code(s)334
FIPS code01-01708
GNIS feature ID0133361
Websitewww.cityofandalusia.com

History

Andalusia was first settled in 1841 after flooding of the Conecuh River and the surrounding lowlands forced citizens to move to higher ground. The county seat was moved from Montezuma to Andalusia in 1844. The new town was originally called "New Site" but was known as Andalusia by the time a post office was established in 1846.[4]

Andalusia, likely got its name from Spanish explorers or settlers since the land where the town is located was part of Spanish Florida until Pinckney's Treaty in 1795. Prior to this treaty, the Spanish Empire claimed all land up to 32.22 degrees north, which would include present day Andalusia which is at 31.31 degrees north. Andalusia shares the name of Andalusia, a large southern autonomous community of Spain.

Andalusia was incorporated as a town in 1884.[5]

In 1899, two railroad lines arrived in Andalusia, the Central of Georgia and the L & N Railroad, and the town began to grow.[6]

The Avant House is one of seven sites in Andalusia listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography

Andalusia is located slightly northwest of the center of Covington County at 31°18′N 86°29′W (31.309, -86.479).[7] According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.8 square miles (51.3 km2), of which 19.7 square miles (50.9 km2) is land and 0.15 square miles (0.4 km2), or 0.79%, is water.[3]

Andalusia is served by the South Alabama Regional Airport, formerly known as the Andalusia-Opp Airport, located approximately 5 miles (8 km) east of the central business district.

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Andalusia has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[8]

Climate data for Andalusia, Alabama (1981–2010, extremes 1912–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 84
(29)		 87
(31)		 89
(32)		 97
(36)		 100
(38)		 105
(41)		 105
(41)		 105
(41)		 101
(38)		 99
(37)		 88
(31)		 84
(29)		 105
(41)
Average high °F (°C) 60.9
(16.1)		 65.2
(18.4)		 72.2
(22.3)		 78.3
(25.7)		 85.0
(29.4)		 90.0
(32.2)		 91.7
(33.2)		 91.1
(32.8)		 87.6
(30.9)		 79.9
(26.6)		 71.6
(22.0)		 62.9
(17.2)		 78.1
(25.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 46.6
(8.1)		 50.2
(10.1)		 56.5
(13.6)		 62.5
(16.9)		 70.5
(21.4)		 77.3
(25.2)		 79.6
(26.4)		 79.3
(26.3)		 74.7
(23.7)		 64.8
(18.2)		 56.0
(13.3)		 48.8
(9.3)		 64.0
(17.8)
Average low °F (°C) 32.2
(0.1)		 35.2
(1.8)		 40.9
(4.9)		 46.7
(8.2)		 56.0
(13.3)		 64.5
(18.1)		 67.5
(19.7)		 67.6
(19.8)		 61.7
(16.5)		 49.7
(9.8)		 40.3
(4.6)		 34.7
(1.5)		 49.8
(9.9)
Record low °F (°C) 5
(−15)		 10
(−12)		 16
(−9)		 27
(−3)		 34
(1)		 44
(7)		 50
(10)		 54
(12)		 34
(1)		 28
(−2)		 16
(−9)		 2
(−17)		 2
(−17)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 5.18
(132)		 5.30
(135)		 6.35
(161)		 4.17
(106)		 3.89
(99)		 5.30
(135)		 6.16
(156)		 5.65
(144)		 4.62
(117)		 3.71
(94)		 4.73
(120)		 4.91
(125)		 59.97
(1,523)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 8.7 7.9 7.8 6.5 6.7 10.0 11.2 9.9 7.3 5.3 6.9 7.7 95.9
Source: NOAA[9][10]

Andalusia
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1880596—
1890270−54.7%
1900551104.1%
19102,480350.1%
19204,02362.2%
19305,15428.1%
19406,88633.6%
19509,16233.1%
196010,26312.0%
197010,092−1.7%
198010,4153.2%
19909,269−11.0%
20008,794−5.1%
20109,0152.5%
2019 (est.)8,680[2]−3.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]

Andalusia first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village.[12] It formally incorporated in 1884. See Andalusia Precinct/Division below.

2010 census

At the 2010 census there were 9,015 people in 3,694 households, including 2,359 families, in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 70.5% White, 25.9% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. 1.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[13] Of the 3,694 households 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 18.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 31.3% of households were one person and 14.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.93.

The age distribution was 23.4% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% 65 or older. The median age was 39.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.2 males.

The median household income was $28,049 and the median family income was $37,059. Males had a median income of $27,228 versus $25,855 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,544. About 20.2% of families and 22.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.4% of those under age 18 and 14.5% of those age 65 or over.

2000 Census data

As of the census[14] of 2000, there were 8,794 people in 3,707 households, including 2,376 families, in the city.[15] The population density was 465.9 inhabitants per square mile (179.9/km2). There were 4,279 housing units at an average density of 226.7 per square mile (87.5/km2).[16] The racial makeup of the city was 73.93% White, 24.47% Black or African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races. 0.78% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[15]

Of the 3,707 households 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.5% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 33.3% of households were one person and 17.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.91.[15]

The age distribution was 23.2% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% 65 or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.5 males.[15]

The median household income was $26,856 and the median family income was $37,091. Males had a median income of $29,406 versus $20,410 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,292. About 15.7% of families and 20.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.6% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.[15]

Andalusia Precinct/Division (1880-)
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1880729—
18901,37188.1%
19002,05149.6%
19104,388113.9%
19206,05738.0%
19307,68026.8%
19409,64725.6%
195010,88212.8%
196010,263−5.7%
197010,092−1.7%
198018,16880.0%
199018,2750.6%
200018,6462.0%
201018,495−0.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]

Andalusia Beat (Precinct) (Covington County 1st Beat) first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census. In 1890, "beat" was changed to "precinct." In 1960, the precinct was changed to "census division" as part of a general reorganization of counties.[17] In 1980, three additional census divisions were consolidated into Andalusia, including Andalusia East, Andalusia West and Red Level.[18]

Andalusia East Census Division (1960-70)
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
19602,859—
19702,608−8.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]

Andalusia East Census Division was created in 1960 and contained the towns of Babbie, Heath, Libertyville and Sanford. In 1980, it was consolidated into Andalusia Census Division.

Andalusia West Census Division (1960-70)
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
19602,014—
19701,576−21.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]

Andalusia West Census Division was created in 1960. It did not contain any incorporated communities, and included the rural area west of the city of Andalusia to the Conecuh County line. In 1980, it was consolidated into Andalusia Census Division.

Media

Education

Primary and secondary public education is provided by Andalusia City Schools, which consists of Andalusia Elementary School (Pre-K through 6th Grade), Andalusia Jr. High School (7th and 8th Grade), and Andalusia High School (9th through 12th Grade). Students can continue their studies at Lurleen B. Wallace Community College.

Transportation

Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound Lines.[19]

Sites on the National Register of Historic Places

Notable people
  • Andalusia Public Library, 2014
  • 115 Sixth Avenue, Andalusia
  • 208 S. Cotton Street, Andalusia
  • Clark Theatre, Andalusia
  • 8-14 Court Square, Andalusia
  • 201 South Three Notch Street, Andalusia
  • First United Methodist, Andalusia
  • 121 Central Street, Andalusia
  • Andalusia High School
  • Church Street School, Andalusia
  • Andalusia Junior High School
  • Andalusia City Hall
  • Old L&N Depot, Andalusia
  • Bank of Andalusia
  • Covington County Alabama Courthouse
  • Covington County Alabama Jail
  • Covington County Alabama Courthouse
  • Three Notch Museum

References
  1. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  2. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  3. "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Andalusia city, Alabama". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
  4. Hoskins Morton, Patricia (December 10, 2009). "Covington County". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  5. Owen, Thomas McAdory; Marie Bankhead Owen (1921). History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume 1. The S. J. Clarke Publishing Company. p. 716.
  6. "Community - History of Andalusia". City of Andalusia official site. Retrieved 2014-12-10.
  7. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  8. Climate Summary for Andalusia, Alabama
  9. "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
  10. "Station Name: AL Andalusia 3 W". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
  11. "U.S. Decennial Census". Census.gov. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
  12. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-09.pdf
  13. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-07-20.
  14. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  15. "Fact Sheet- Andalusia city, Alabama". American Fast Facts. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  16. "Geographic Comparison Table- Alabama". American Fast Facts. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-12.
  17. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37721510v1p2ch2.pdf, 1960 AL Census
  18. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_alABC-01.pdf, 1980 AL Census
  19. Andalusia, AL Greyhound Station
  20. "Amanda Margaret "Mandy" Jensen (1956–2009)". The News Harald.
  21. Stanton, Mary (1998). From Selma to Sorrow: The Life and Death of Viola Liuzzo. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820322742.
  22. "Alexa Jones: Miss Alabama". Country Music Television.

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