Andrew Thorne
General Sir Augustus Francis Andrew Nicol Thorne, KCB, CMG, DSO & Two Bars, DL (20 September 1885 – 25 September 1970) was a senior British Army officer who served in the First and Second World Wars, where he commanded the 48th (South Midland) Infantry Division.
Sir Andrew Thorne | |
---|---|
Nickname(s) | "Bulgy" |
Born | Dornhurst, Sevenoaks, Kent, England | 20 September 1885
Died | 25 September 1970 85) Spynie Hospital, Elgin, Moray, Scotland | (aged
Allegiance | United Kingdom |
Service/ | British Army |
Years of service | 1904–1946 |
Rank | General |
Service number | 13980 |
Unit | Grenadier Guards |
Commands held | Scottish Command XII Corps 48th (South Midland) Infantry Division Brigade of Guards 1st Infantry Brigade (Guards) 184th Infantry Brigade 3rd Battalion, Grenadier Guards |
Battles/wars | First World War Arab revolt in Palestine Second World War |
Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George Distinguished Service Order & Two Bars Mentioned in Despatches Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta (Poland) Commander of the Legion of Merit (United States) Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav (Norway) |
Military career
Educated at Eton and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Thorne was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Grenadier Guards in 1904. He served in the First World War, becoming a staff captain, then deputy assistant adjutant and quartermaster general and then deputy assistant quartermaster general in France. He became Commanding Officer (CO) of the 3rd Battalion, Grenadier Guards in 1916,[1] and saw action in the First Battle of Ypres in 1914[2] and Battle of the Somme in 1916, earning the Distinguished Service Order and two Bars.[3] In 1918 he became commander of the 184th Brigade.[1]
After the war he became assistant military attaché at Washington, D.C. and then, in 1922, a General staff Officer (GSO) at London District. He was appointed military assistant to the Chief of the Imperial General Staff at the War Office in 1925 CO of the 3rd Battalion, Grenadier Guards again in 1927. In 1932, he was made military attaché in Berlin for three years, where he came to know Hitler and many of his senior officers personally.[2] He was commander of the 1st Guards Brigade at Aldershot Command in 1935, a temporary brigade commander in Palestine and Transjordan in 1936, and in 1938 he became Major General commanding the Brigade of Guards and General Officer Commanding (GOC) London District.[1]
In 1939, at the start of the Second World War, Thorne became GOC 48th (South Midland) Infantry Division, which played an important role in the defence of the Dunkirk perimeter in 1940.[3] He then became GOC XII Corps before being appointed GOC Scottish Command and Governor of Edinburgh Castle from 1941 to 1945. As GOC XII Corps, he founded the innovative XII Corps Observation Unit as a prototype of the Auxiliary Units guerrilla organisation.[4] Whilst in Scotland, he was involved in the creation of War Office Selection Boards and responsible for the Fortitude North deception plan, as well as preparation for the liberation of Norway.[1]
Germany officially surrendered in Norway on 8 May 1945, and Thorne arrived in Norway on 13 May together with Crown Prince Olav. He brought with him a small military force—one tenth the size of the German military presence—and so had to rely on cooperation with paramilitary forces from the Norwegian resistance movement. He cooperated closely with Jens Chr. Hauge. He formally held the sovereignty of Norway until 7 June, when Haakon VII of Norway returned from his exile. Thorne remained in charge of dismantling the German presence in Norway until he left the country on 31 October 1945.[5]
He retired in 1946.[1] He was chairman of the Anglo-Norse Society for some time.[5]
References
- "THORNE, Sir (Augustus Francis) Andrew (Nicol) (1885–1970), General". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. King's College London. Archived from the original on 31 July 2007.
- "General Sir Andrew Thorne KCB CB CMG DSO and two bars". Scots at War A – Z Index. Archived from the original on 29 September 2009.
- First World War
- Atkin, Malcolm (2015). Fighting Nazi Occupation: British Resistance 1939 – 1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. pp. Chapter 5. ISBN 978-1-47383-377-7.
- Ringdal, Nils Johan (1995). "Thorne, Sir Andrew". In Dahl, Hans Fredrik (ed.). Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45. Oslo: Cappelen. Archived from the original on 29 May 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
Bibliography
- Ashley Hart, Stephen (Autumn 2001). "The Forgotten Liberator: The 1939–1945 Military Career of General Sir Andrew Thorne". Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research. 79 (319): 233–249. JSTOR 44232609.
- "THORNE, General Sir (Augustus Francis) Andrew (Nicol)". (2007). In Who Was Who. Online edition.
- Mann, Christopher (September 2008). "Thorne, Sir (Augustus Francis) Andrew Nicol (1885–1970)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/50362. Retrieved 5 June 2010. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Lindsay, Donald (1987). Forgotten General: Life of Andrew Thorne. Michael Russell, Salisbury. ISBN 978-0-85955-137-3.
External links
Military offices | ||
---|---|---|
Preceded by Sir Bertram Sergison-Brooke |
GOC London District 1938–1939 |
Succeeded by Sir Bertram Sergison-Brooke |
Preceded by Frank Roberts |
GOC 48th (South Midland) Infantry Division 1939–1940 |
Succeeded by Roderic Petre |
Preceded by New post |
GOC XII Corps 1940–1941 |
Succeeded by Bernard Montgomery |
Preceded by Sir Harold Carrington |
GOC-in-C Scottish Command 1941–1945 |
Succeeded by Sir Neil Ritchie |