Apitoxin

Apitoxin, or honey bee venom, is a cytotoxic and hemotoxic bitter colorless liquid containing proteins, which may produce local inflammation. It may have similarities to sea nettle toxin.[1]

Components

The main component is melittin, amounting to 52% of venom peptides.[2] Adolapin[3] contributes 2–5% of the peptides.[4][5]

Research

Apitoxins are under preliminary research for their potential biological effects, such as in cancer.[6]

See also

References
  1. Czarnetzki, B. M.; Thiele, T.; Rosenbach, T. (February 1990). "Evidence for leukotrienes in animal venoms". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 85 (2): 505–509. doi:10.1016/0091-6749(90)90162-W. PMID 1968071.
  2. Meier J, White J (1995). Clinical toxicology of animal venoms and poisons. CRC Press, Inc. ISBN 0-8493-4489-1.
  3. Aufschnaiter, Andreas; Kohler, Verena; Khalifa, Shaden; Abd El-Wahed, Aida; Du, Ming; El-Seedi, Hesham; Büttner, Sabrina (2020-01-21). "Apitoxin and Its Components against Cancer, Neurodegeneration and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Limitations and Possibilities". Toxins. 12 (2): 66. doi:10.3390/toxins12020066. ISSN 2072-6651.
  4. "Adolapin". Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, MDI Biological Laboratory and North Carolina State University. 24 August 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  5. Benton, A. W.; Morse, R. A.; Stewart, J. D. (1963-10-11). "Venom Collection from Honey Bees". Science. 142 (3589): 228–230. doi:10.1126/science.142.3589.228. ISSN 0036-8075.
  6. Chaisakul, J; Hodgson, W. C; Kuruppu, S; Prasongsook, N (2016). "Effects of Animal Venoms and Toxins on Hallmarks of Cancer". Journal of Cancer. 7 (11): 1571–1578. doi:10.7150/jca.15309. PMC 4964142. PMID 27471574.
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