Apolônio de Carvalho

Apolônio de Carvalho (9 February 1912  – 23 September 2005) was a Brazilian socialist important in the history of the Workers' Party (Brazil). Due to his communist ideals, Carvalho was expelled from the Brazilian Army and left for Spain to fight alongside the republicans in the Spanish Civil War and afterwards against the Nazis in occupied France, reaching the rank of colonel in the French Army. Considered a hero in France, he was awarded the Legion of Honour among other decorations for bravery.

Apolônio de Carvalho
Born(1912-02-09)9 February 1912
Corumbá (Mato Grosso), Brazil
Died23 September 2005(2005-09-23) (aged 93)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Allegiance Brazil
Foreign volunteers
 Free France
Service/branchBrazilian Army
French Army
Years of service1932–1936 (Brazilian Army)
1936 (Spanish Republican Army)
1940–1945 (French Army)
RankLeutenent (Brazil)
Captain (Spain)
Colonel (France)
Battles/warsSpanish Civil War
French Resistance

See also
  • Roberto Braga (June 11, 2012). "Coletivo Apolônio de Carvalho" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on March 15, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
  • Alípio Freire (June 7, 2006). "Apolonio de Carvalho" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on March 15, 2014.
  • "100 anos de Apolonio de Carvalho, um histórico lutador do povo" (in Portuguese). February 9, 2012. Archived from the original on March 15, 2014.


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