Argulidae

The family Argulidae contains the carp lice or fish lice – a group of parasitic crustaceans of uncertain position within the Maxillopoda. Although they are thought to be primitive forms, they have no fossil record. The Argulidae are the only family in the order Arguloida (occasionally "Arguloidea"),[1] although a second family, the Dipteropeltidae, has been proposed.[2]

Argulidae
Argulus sp. on a stickleback
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Branchiura
Order: Arguloida
Yamaguti, 1963
Family: Argulidae
Leach, 1819
Genera & species

See text

Description

Fish lice vary in size from just a few millimetres to over 30 mm (1.2 in) long, with females usually somewhat larger than the males.[3] Almost all species in the family are ectoparasites on fish, with a few on invertebrates or amphibians.[3][4] They have a flattened, oval body, which is almost entirely covered by a wide carapace. Their compound eyes are prominent, and the mouthparts and the first pair of antennae are modified to form a hooked, spiny proboscis armed with suckers, as an adaptation to parasitic life. They have four pairs of thoracic appendages, which are used to swim when not attached to the host.[3] They leave their hosts for up to three weeks to mate and lay eggs, and reattach behind the fish's operculum, where they feed on mucus and sloughed-off scales, or pierce the skin and feed on the internal fluids.[4] The eggs hatch into parasitic postnauplius larvae.

Classification

The 173 recognised species are divided among six genera.[5] The centres of diversity are the Afrotropical and Neotropical realms.[3]

Argulus O. F. Müller, 1785:[6]

  • Argulus africanus Thiele, 1900
  • Argulus alexandrensis C. B. Wilson, 1923
  • Argulus alosae Gould, 1841
  • Argulus amazonicus Malta & Santos-Silva, 1986
  • Argulus ambloplites C. B. Wilson, 1920
  • Argulus ambystoma Poly, 2003
  • Argulus americanus C. B. Wilson, 1902
  • Argulus angusticeps Cunnington, 1913
  • Argulus annae Schuurmans Stekhoven J.H. Jr, 1951
  • Argulus appendiculosus C. B. Wilson, 1907
  • Argulus arcassonensis Cuénot, 1912
  • Argulus argulus Leach, 1814
  • Argulus armiger O. F. Müller, 1785
  • Argulus australiensis Byrnes, 1985
  • Argulus belones Kampen, 1909
  • Argulus bengalensis Ramakrishna, 1951
  • Argulus bicolor Bere, 1936
  • Argulus biramosus Bere, 1931
  • Argulus boli Tripathi, 1975
  • Argulus borealis C. B. Wilson, 1912
  • Argulus brachypeltis Fryer, 1959
  • Argulus caecus C. B. Wilson, 1922
  • Argulus canadensis C. B. Wilson, 1916
  • Argulus capensis Barnard, 1955
  • Argulus carteri Cunnington, 1931
  • Argulus catostomi Dana & Herrick, 1837
  • Argulus cauveriensis Thomas & Devaraj, 1975
  • Argulus charon O. F. Müller, 1785
  • Argulus chesapeakensis Cressey, 1971
  • Argulus chicomendesi Malta & Varella, 2000
  • Argulus chilensis Martinez, 1952
  • Argulus chinensis Ku & Yang, 1955
  • Argulus chromidis Kroyer, 1863
  • Argulus confuscus Rushton-Mellor, 1994
  • Argulus coregoni Thorell, 1865
  • Argulus cubensis C. B. Wilson, 1936
  • Argulus dactylopteri Thorell, 1865
  • Argulus dageti Dollfus, 1960
  • Argulus dartevellei Brian, 1940
  • Argulus delphinus O. F. Müller, 1785
  • Argulus diversicolor Byrnes, 1985
  • Argulus diversus C. B. Wilson, 1944
  • Argulus ellipticaudatus K. N. Wang, 1960
  • Argulus elongatus Heller, 1857
  • Argulus ernsti Weibezahn & Cobo, 1964
  • Argulus exiguus Cunnington, 1913
  • Argulus flavescens C. B. Wilson, 1916
  • Argulus floridensis Meehan, 1940
  • Argulus fluviatilis Thomas & Devaraj, 1975
  • Argulus foliaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Argulus fryeri Rushton-Mellor, 1994
  • Argulus funduli Krøyer, 1863
  • Argulus fuscus Bere, 1936
  • Argulus giordanii Brian, 1959
  • Argulus gracilis Rushton-Mellor, 1994
  • Argulus hylae Lemos de Castro & Gomes-Correa, 1985
  • Argulus ichesi Bouvier, 1910
  • Argulus incisus Cunnington, 1913
  • Argulus indicus Weber, 1892
  • Argulus ingens C. B. Wilson, 1912
  • Argulus intectus C. B. Wilson, 1944
  • Argulus izintwala J. G. Van As & L. L. Van As, 2001
  • Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1900
  • Argulus jollymani Fryer, 1956
  • Argulus juparanensis Lemos de Castro, 1950
  • Argulus kosus Avenant-Oldewage, 1994
  • Argulus kunmingensis Shen, 1948
  • Argulus kusafugu Yamaguti& Yamasu, 1959
  • Argulus laticauda S. I. Smith, 1874
  • Argulus latus S. I. Smith, 1874
  • Argulus lepidostei Kellicott, 1877
  • Argulus longicaudatus C. B. Wilson, 1944
  • Argulus lunatus C. B. Wilson, 1944
  • Argulus macropterus Heegaard, 1962
  • Argulus maculosus C. B. Wilson, 1902
  • Argulus major K. N. Wang, 1960
  • Argulus mangalorensis Natarajan, 1982
  • Argulus matuii Sikama, 1938
  • Argulus meehani Cressey, 1971
  • Argulus megalops S. I. Smith, 1874
  • Argulus melanostictus C. B. Wilson, 1935
  • Argulus melita Beneden, 1891
  • Argulus mexicanus Pineda, Paramo & del Rio, 1995
  • Argulus mississippiensis C. B. Wilson, 1916
  • Argulus mongolianus Tokioka, 1939
  • Argulus monodi Fryer, 1959
  • Argulus multicolor Schuurmans Stekhoven J.H. Jr, 1937
  • Argulus multipocula Barnard, 1955
  • Argulus nativus Kirtisinghe, 1959
  • Argulus natterei Heller, 1857
  • Argulus niger C. B. Wilson, 1902
  • Argulus nobilis Thiele, 1904
  • Argulus onodai Tokioka, 1936
  • Argulus papuensis Rushton-Mellor, 1994
  • Argulus paranensis Ringuelet, 1943
  • Argulus parsi Tripathi, 1975
  • Argulus paulensis C. B. Wilson, 1924
  • Argulus personatus Cunnington, 1913
  • Argulus pestifer Ringuelet, 1948
  • Argulus petagonicus Ringuelet, 1943
  • Argulus phoxini Leydig, 1871
  • Argulus piperatus C. B. Wilson, 1920
  • Argulus pugettensis Dana, 1852
  • Argulus puthenveliensis Ramakrishna, 1959
  • Argulus quadristriatus Devaraj & Ameer Hamsa, 1977
  • Argulus reticulatus C. B. Wilson, 1920
  • Argulus rhamdiae C. B. Wilson, 1936
  • Argulus rhipidiophorus Monod, 1931
  • Argulus rijckmansii Brian, 1940
  • Argulus rotundus C. B. Wilson, 1944
  • Argulus rubescens Cunnington, 1913
  • Argulus rubropunctatus Cunnington, 1913
  • Argulus salminei Kroyer, 1863
  • Argulus scutiformis Thiele, 1900
  • Argulus shoutedeni Monod, 1928
  • Argulus siamensis C. B. Wilson, 1926
  • Argulus silvestrii Lahille, 1926
  • Argulus smalei Avenant-Oldewage & Oldewage, 1995
  • Argulus spinulosus Silva, 1980
  • Argulus stizostethii Kellicott, 1880
  • Argulus striatus Cunnington, 1913
  • Argulus taliensis Shen, 1948
  • Argulus tientsinensis Ku & Wang, 1956
  • Argulus trachynoti Brian, 1927
  • Argulus trilineatus C. B. Wilson, 1904
  • Argulus varians Bere, 1936
  • Argulus versicolor C. B. Wilson, 1902
  • Argulus vierai Pereira-Fonseca, 1939
  • Argulus violaceus Thomsen, 1925
  • Argulus vittatus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1814)
  • Argulus wilsoni Brian, 1940
  • Argulus yucatanus Poly, 2005
  • Argulus yucatanus Poly, 2004
  • Argulus yuii K. N. Wang, 1958
  • Argulus yunnanensis Shen, 1948

Binoculus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1762:[7]

  • Binoculus bicornutus Risso, 1816
  • Binoculus caudatus Say, 1818
  • Binoculus gasterostei Geoffroy, 1762
  • Binoculus haemisphericus Geoffroy, 1762
  • Binoculus palustris O. F. Müller, 1776
  • Binoculus piscinus O. F. Müller, 1776
  • Binoculus productus Nordmann, 1832
  • Binoculus salmoneus O. F. Müller, 1785
  • Binoculus sexsetaceus Nordmann, 1832

Chonopeltis Thiele, 1900:[8]

  • Chonopeltis australis Boxshall, 1976
  • Chonopeltis australissumus Fryer, 1977
  • Chonopeltis brevis Fryer, 1961
  • Chonopeltis congicus Fryer, 1959
  • Chonopeltis elongatus Fryer, 1974
  • Chonopeltis flaccifrons Fryer, 1960
  • Chonopeltis fryeri Van As, 1986
  • Chonopeltis inermis Thiele, 1900
  • Chonopeltis koki Van As, 1992
  • Chonopeltis lisikili J. G. Van As & L. L. Van As, 1996
  • Chonopeltis meridionalis Fryer, 1964
  • Chonopeltis minutus Fryer, 1977
  • Chonopeltis schoutedeni Brian, 1940
  • Chonopeltis victori Avenant-Oldewage, 1991

Dipteropeltis Callman, 1912:[9]

Dolops Audouin, 1837:[10]

  • Dolops bidentata (Bouvier, 1899)
  • Dolops carvalhoi Lemos de Castro, 1949
  • Dolops discoidalis Bouvier, 1899
  • Dolops doradis (Cornalia, 1860)
  • Dolops geayi (Bouvier, 1897)
  • Dolops intermedia da Silva, 1978
  • Dolops kollari (Heller, 1857)
  • Dolops lacordairei Audouin, 1837
  • Dolops longicauda (Heller, 1857)
  • Dolops nana Lemos de Castro, 1950
  • Dolops ranarum (Stuhlmann, 1891)
  • Dolops reperta (Bouvier, 1899)
  • Dolops striata (Bouvier, 1899)
  • Dolops tasmanicus Fryer, 1969

Huargulus Yü, 1938:[11]

  • Huargulus chinensis Yü, 1938

Impact

Fish lice occasionally reach high enough densities to cause fish kills in aquaculture operations, or more rarely in wild populations of fish. They can also become abundant in aquaria, sometimes resulting in the death of ornamental fish.[3]

References
  1. Joel W. Martin; George E. Davis (2001). An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. pp. 132 pp.
  2. P. Myers; R. Espinosa; C. S. Parr; T. Jones; G. S. Hammond; T. A. Dewey (2006). "Animal Diversity Web: Arguloidea". University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 2007-12-01. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
  3. William J. Poly (2008). "Global diversity of fishlice (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae) in freshwater". In Estelle V. Balian; Christian Lévêque; Hendrik Segers (eds.). Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment. Hydrobiologia. Volume 198 of Developments in Hydrobiology. 595. Springer. pp. 209–212. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9015-3. ISBN 978-1-4020-8258-0.
  4. Ben Waggoner. "Introduction to the Branchiura". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Archived from the original on 4 May 2007. Retrieved May 6, 2007.
  5. Geoff Boxshall (September 5, 2009). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Argulidae". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  6. Geoff Boxshall (May 13, 2009). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Argulus O. F. Müller, 1785". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  7. T. Chad Walter (July 15, 2008). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Binoculus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1762". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  8. T. Chad Walter (July 15, 2008). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Chonopeltis Thiele, 1900". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  9. T. Chad Walter (July 15, 2008). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Dipteropeltis Callman, 1912". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  10. T. Chad Walter (July 15, 2008). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Dolops Audouin, 1837". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  11. T. Chad Walter (July 15, 2008). T. Chad Walter; Geoff Boxshall (eds.). "Huargulus Yü, 1938". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
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