Arthur Pardee

Arthur Beck Pardee (July 13, 1921 – February 24, 2019) was an American biochemist. One biographical portrait[1] begins "Among the titans of science, Arthur Pardee is especially intriguing." There is hardly a field of molecular biology that is not affected by his work, which has advanced our understanding through theoretical predictions followed by insightful experiments. He is perhaps most famous for his part in the 'PaJaMo experiment' of the late 1950s, which greatly helped in the discovery of messenger RNA.[2] He is also well known as the discoverer of the restriction point, in which a cell commits itself to certain cell cycle events during the G1 cycle. He did a great deal of work on tumor growth and regulation, with a particular focus on the role of estrogen in hormone-responsive tumors. He is also well known for the development of various biochemical research techniques, most notably the differential display methodology, which is used in examining the activation of genes in cells. More recently he championed the acceptance and adoption of the conceptual review as a valuable approach to unearthing new knowledge from the enormous stores of information in the scientific literature. He died in February 2019 at the age of 97.[3]

Arthur Beck Pardee
Born(1921-07-13)July 13, 1921
DiedFebruary 24, 2019(2019-02-24) (aged 97)
NationalityAmerican
CitizenshipAmerican
EducationBachelor of Science degree from the University of California, Berkeley (1942)
Masters degree from California Institute of Technology (1943)
PhD degree from California Institute of Technology (1947)
Alma materUniversity of California, Berkeley
Known forPaJaMo Experiment
AwardsPfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry (1960)
Sir Hans Krebs Medal (1973)
Scientific career
FieldsMolecular biology
InstitutionsDana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School
InfluencesLinus Pauling
InfluencedAllan Wilson; Monica Riley

Career

Pardee received his Bachelor of Science degree from the University of California, Berkeley in 1942 while his Masters (1943) and PhD (1947) degrees were earned at the California Institute of Technology under the mentorship of Linus Pauling, who he considered to be the greatest chemist of the 20th century. Pardee did postdoctoral work at the University of Wisconsin–Madison before returning to Berkeley as an instructor in biochemistry in 1949. In the 1950s, he was on a sabbatical with Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod in Paris. In 1961 Pardee became Professor in Biochemical Sciences at Princeton University while in 1975 he moved to Boston to become Professor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School as well as Chief for the Division of Cell Growth and Regulation at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. In 1981, Pardee became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.[4] Pardee became an emeritus professor at Dana-Farber in 1992. He became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1968.

PaJaMo

While on sabbatical with Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod, Pardee was involved in an experiment that became known as PaJaMo.[5] The PaJaMo experiment, and later work with his student Monica Riley showed that protein synthesis from a gene could begin almost as soon as the gene entered an E.coli cell. Prior hypotheses around the translation of genetic information into proteins had focused on ribosomes, which turned over too slowly to enable the rapid synthesis seen in PaJaMo. This led to the hypothesis that yet another RNA species existed, messenger RNA.[6]

The restriction point

In the early 1970s Pardee identified that the cell cycle has a point in the 'G1 phase' where the cell, as it were, 'commits' to moving to the 'S phase'. Pardee published on this so-called 'restriction point', sometimes called the 'Pardee point', in 1974.[7]

Students

Pardee's students included Allan Wilson, who gained his PhD at Berkeley under Pardee's supervision in 1961. Monica Riley was also a Ph.D. student with Pardee and contributed to his studies of mRNA.

References
  1. Blagosklonny, Mikhail V.; Campisi, Judith; Keyomarsi, Khandan; Medrano, Estela E. (2001). "No Restriction Points in Life and Science". Cell Cycle. 1 (2): 100–2. PMID 12429915.
  2. Meselson, Matthew (2014). "François and "X"". Research in Microbiology. 165 (5): 313–315. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2014.05.004. PMID 24853970.
  3. Arthur B. Pardee
  4. "About Us". World Cultural Council. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  5. Meselson, Matthew (2014). "François and "X"". Research in Microbiology. 165 (5): 313–315. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2014.05.004. PMID 24853970.
  6. Crick, Francis. What Mad Pursuit. 165. pp. 118–119.
  7. Pardee, A. B. (1974). "A Restriction Point for Control of Normal Animal Cell Proliferation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 71 (4): 1286–1290. Bibcode:1974PNAS...71.1286P. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.4.1286. PMC 388211. PMID 4524638.
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