Barua (Bangladesh)

The Barua (Bengali: বড়ুয়া Boṛua, Arakanese: မရမာကြီး) is a distinct Bengali-speaking indigenous tribal ethnic group that is native to Chittagong Division in Bangladesh, Rakhine State in Myanmar, where they are known as the Maramagyi or Maramagri, and parts of Tripura in northeast India.[1][2] According to Arakanese chronology, the Barua Buddhists have lived there for five thousand years.[3] They are commonly identified by their last name, "Barua". Barua is derived from "Baru" meaning "great" and "ua", meaning "noble

For the Assamese surname see, see Barua.

Barua , বড়ুয়া,চৌধুরী, মুৎসুদ্দী,তালুকদার,সিংহ,রাজবংশী, মারমাগ্রী
Total population
1.2 million
Regions with significant populations
Bangladesh
Myanmar
India
Languages
They use to speak in chittagonian Bengali but their main language is pali language.]]
Religion
Theravada Buddhism
Buddhist temple on Maheshkhali Island in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh

rulers". In Myanmar, the Barua is classified as one of the seven groups that make up the Rakhine nation.

Chittagong was formerly known as "Chaityagrama" or "town with Buddhist shrines".[4] It was a centre of Mahayana Buddhism in the 10th century.[5] Barua's are also termed as Rajbansi "of royal descent". They are also known as Maghs because of their magadh origin and belonged to the descendants of Magadh kings. The surname "Barua" is derived from the word "Bajji" (Vajji in Hindi) or "Briji" (Vriji in Hindi). Bajji is the name of one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas of ancient India. Evidence shows that they belonged to the descendants of the great emperor Ashoka of India. Actually, the lineage (gotra) of these ethnic tribal Buddhists is Barua because they insist that they came from Āryāvarta, which is regarded as Madhyamadesa in Pali texts. The biggest difference between Barua and Sakma Buddhists is that, although both of them belong to the same sakya race, Barua Buddhists came from Āryāvarta. They are known as Barua which means "great aryans", while Āryāvarta means the "abode of the noble or excellent ones".[6] Today they speak Bengali language, wherein their main language is Pali. Dipa Ma was the pride of these ethnic Buddhists because she was the first indigenous tribal Buddhist woman of India who influenced the Vipassanā movement in America, which was founded by S.N.Goenka.

They insist that they came from the Āryāvarta or the country of the Āryans which is practically identical to the country later known as Majjhimadesa or Madhyadesa in the Pali texts.[7]

A Magh king, Jaychand, ruled the Chittagong region in the 16th century.[8]

Theravada Buddhism
Buddhist Monastery in Moheshkhali
Dipa Ma, a prominent Buddhist master in Asia of Barua descent.

The Baruas used to follow Theravada Buddhism and followed some of the Hindu customs until the mid 19th century when Saṅgharaj Sāramedha Mahāthera (1801–82) of Arakan, returning from Bodh Gaya, was invited to Chittagong in 1856.[9]

In the mid 19th century, the Baruas came into contact with other Theravada Buddhists from Burma and Ceylon, and these Baruas were the first groups like the Chakmas who converted into Buddhists during Buddha's time.[10]

The first Pāli school in modern times was started in Pahartali, Chittagong by Ācarya Punnācāra with the financial backing from a zamindar, Haragobinda Mutsuddi, in 1885.[11] Bauddha Dharmankur Sabha Buddhist religious organization founded by Kripasharan Mahasthavir in Calcutta on 5 October 1892.[12] Kripasharan Mahasthavir was its first president, and Surendralal Mutsuddi was its secretary. The journal of the Dharmankur Sabha, Jagajjyoti, edited by Gunalangkar Sthavir and Shraman Punnananda Swami, was first published in 1908. It was subsequently edited by Dr. Benimadhab Barua.

Noted scholar Dr. Benimadhab Barua (1888-1948) was born in 1888 in the village of Mahamuni under Raozan Thana, Chittagong. He was the son of Kaviraj Rajchandra Talukder. Benimadhab assumed the title of ‘Barua. In 1913, he obtained an MA degree in Pali from University of Calcutta. He also studied law at Calcutta City College and Calcutta Law College.

He became one of the pioneers of the revitalization of Buddhism in the Barua Community. Benimadhab joined the Mahāmuni Anglo-Pāli Institution as headmaster in 1912. From 1913 to 1914 he worked as a lecturer in the Pāli department of the University of Calcutta. He went to England on a government scholarship in 1914. He earned an MA in Greek and Modern European Philosophy from the University of London. In 1917 he was awarded a D.Litt. by the University of London. He was the first Asian to do so.[13] After returning to India in 1918, Benimadhab rejoined Calcutta University and was promoted to professorship. He improvised the syllabus of the MA course in Pali, in addition his work in the departments of Ancient Indian History and Culture, (1919–48) and Sanskrit (1927–48), in the same university.[1] [14]

Anagarika Dharmapala visited Chittagong in 1917, where he influenced a 9-year-old boy, who later became the well known Pali scholar Prof. Dwijendra Lal Barua.[15]

New Traditional outfit of Maramargyi.

Today, the Baruas of Bangladesh are considered a model minority, with a majority of the group being highly educated. Baruas have advanced to high ranks in government, academic institutions, science, and technology. Many Baruas have emigrated to developed countries as part of the overall Bangladeshi diaspora, commonly to countries including the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia.

Notable Barua

See also

References
  1. The thousand-petalled lotus: an English Buddhist in India, Sangharakshita (Bhikshu), Heinemann, 1976, p. 265
  2. Hattaway, Paul (2004). Peoples of the Buddhist World: A Christian Prayer Diary. ISBN 9780878083619.
  3. http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/bangladesh-txt.htm
  4. The Buddhists of Chittagong, Appendix to Chapter 3, Bengal district gazetteers, 1908, p. 65
  5. "Mahayana Buddhism". Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  6. "MW Basic". www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  7. Buddhism in Bangladesh
  8. Magh raiders in Bengal, Jamini Mohan Ghosh Bookland, 1960p. 55
  9. South Asian Buddhism: A Survey, Stephen C. Berkwitz, Routledge, 2012, p. 184
  10. Young East, 1979, Volumes 5-7, pp. 25-26
  11. Buddhist Education in Bangladesh: Challenges and Possibilities, Sajal Barua, Feb. 27, 2015
  12. Mahasthavir, Kripasharan, 5 May 2014
  13. Desk, Author: TheDC News (31 December 2018). "Remembering Dr. B. M. Barua - A Distinguished Scholar of Indology - 1st Indian to Get a D.Lit From University of London". The Darjeeling Chronicle. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  14. Dr. B.M. Barua Birth Centenary Commemoration Volume, 1989, Bauddha Dharmankur Sabha, 1989
  15. Sugat Barua, The Maha Bodhi,1891-1991, Volumes 98-99; Maha-Bodhi Society, p. 307
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