Battle of Civetot

Battle of Civetot
	Part of The People's Crusade
	; Medieval illuminated manuscript showing Peter the Hermit's People's Crusade of 1096
Date	21 October 1096
Location	Nikea
Result	Seljuk Turks victory End of the People's Crusade;
Belligerents
Sultanate of Rum	Crusading Peasants
Commanders and leaders
Kilij Arslan I	Walter Sans-Avoir †; Geoffrei Burel
Strength
5,000	20,000
Casualties and losses
50	17,000

The Battle of Civetot in 1096 brought an end to the People's Crusade,[1] which was a poorly-armed movement of lower-class pilgrims of the First Crusade, but, distinct from the subsequent and much more well-known Princes' Crusade.

After the disastrous defeat for the Crusaders in the Siege of Xerigordos, two Turkish spies spread a rumor that the German element of the People's Crusade, who had taken Xerigordon had also taken Nicaea. This had the effect of causing excitement among the main camp of Crusaders to share in the looting of the city as soon as possible. The Turks were waiting on the road to Nicaea. Peter the Hermit, the nominal leader of the Crusade, had gone back to Constantinople to arrange for supplies and was due back soon, and most of the leaders argued to wait for him to return (which he never did). However, Geoffrey Burel, who had taken command, argued that it would be cowardly to wait, and they should move against the Turks right away.[2] His will prevailed and, on the morning of October 21, the entire army of over 20,000 marched out toward Nicaea, leaving women, children, the old and the sick behind at the camp.[2]

Three miles from the camp, where the road entered a narrow, wooded valley near the village of Dracon, the Turkish army of Kilij Arslan I was waiting. When approaching the valley, the crusaders marched noisily and were immediately subjected to a hail of arrows.[2] Panic set in immediately and within minutes, the army was in full rout back to the camp. Most of the crusaders were slaughtered (upwards of 60,000 by some accounts[3]); however, women, children, and those who surrendered were spared. Three thousand, including Geoffrey Burel, were able to obtain refuge in an abandoned castle.[2]^:132 Eventually the Byzantines under Constantine Katakalon sailed over and raised the siege;[4] these few thousand returned to Constantinople, the only survivors of the People's Crusade.

References

Bradbury, Jim (2004). The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. Routledge. p. 194. ISBN 9780203644669. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
Runciman, Steven (1987). A History of the Crusades, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. ISBN 9780521347709. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
Kostick, Conor (2008). The Social Structure of the First Crusade (Illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 109. ISBN 9789004166653. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.

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[1] Bradbury, Jim (2004). The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. Routledge. p. 194. ISBN 9780203644669. Retrieved October 21, 2013.

[Runciman-2] Runciman, Steven (1987). A History of the Crusades, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. ISBN 9780521347709. Retrieved October 21, 2013.

[3] Kostick, Conor (2008). The Social Structure of the First Crusade (Illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 109. ISBN 9789004166653. Retrieved October 21, 2013.

[4] Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.