Battle of Tabarka

Battle of Tabarka
	Part of the Muslim conquest of North Africa
Date	Early 8th century (sources differ on 701, 702, or 703 AD)
Location	Near Tabarka
Result	Umayyad victory
Territorial; changes	Numidia conquered by Umayyads; Subjugation of the Berber tribes
Belligerents
Umayyad Caliphate	Berber tribes
Commanders and leaders
Hasan ibn al-Nu'man	Dihya †

The Battle of Tabarka was a military engagement fought between the forces of the Umayyad Caliphate and Dihya, a Berber queen. The battle took place near the city of Tabarka, Tunisia, in either 701, 702 or 703 AD. The battle resulted in a major victory for the Umayyads and the end of organized Berber resistance to the caliphate.

Background

During the late 7th century, forces of the Arab-dominated Umayyad Caliphate conducted a decades-long conquest of the Magrheb, then under the nominal control of the Byzantine Empire. One major obstacle to the invasion was Dihya, a Berber queen who had fought against the Umayyad advance into Numidia. In 698, she won a victory over the Umayyads at the Battle of Meskiana, temporarily halting Hassan ibn al-Nu'man's campaign to conquer Numidia.[1]

Battle

Regrouping in Libya, the Umayyads invaded Numidia again in either 701, 702[2] or 703. Dihya gathered many Berber tribes people to resist the new invasion. The two armies clashed near the town of Tabarka near the modern Algeria–Tunisia border, where a choke point exists between the Mediterranean sea and the Aurès Mountains.[3] The battle - described as "fierce"[3] - ended in a victory for the Umayyads, the death of Dihya, and the end of organized Berber resistance to the Umayyad invasion.[3]

Aftermath

Dihya was later killed in Bir al-Kahina (al-Kâhina's well), Aurès.[4] Sources disagree on whether Dihya's two sons - both of who survived the battle - converted to Islam before the battle and fought against their mother[3] or converted after the battle in exchange for their lives being spared.[4]

References

Philippe Sénac; Patrice Cressier (2012). Armand Colin (ed.). Histoire du Maghreb médiéval: VIIe-XIe siècle (in French). p. 111.
Nicolle, David (2012-06-20). The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-890-7.
Houtsma, M. Th (1993). E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-09790-2.
Modéran, Y. (2005-08-01). "Kahena. (Al-Kâhina)". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (27): 4102–4111. ISSN 1015-7344.

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[1] Philippe Sénac; Patrice Cressier (2012). Armand Colin (ed.). Histoire du Maghreb médiéval: VIIe-XIe siècle (in French). p. 111.

[2] Nicolle, David (2012-06-20). The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-890-7.

[:0-3] Houtsma, M. Th (1993). E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-09790-2.

[EB-4] Modéran, Y. (2005-08-01). "Kahena. (Al-Kâhina)". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (27): 4102–4111. ISSN 1015-7344.