Bohunician

Bohunician industry was a paleolithic archeological industry in South-Central and East Europe. The artifacts assigned to this culture are dated between roughly 48,000 and 40,000 years ago. They were found at the type site of Brno-Bohunice, Stránská skála (Moravia), Bacho Kiro and Temnata Cave (Bulgaria), Dzierzyslaw (Poland), and others.

Bohunician scrapers in the Moravian Museum, Czech Republic
Bohunician culture
Bohunician culture
Map showing the approximate location of the Bohunician culture
Geographical rangeEurope
PeriodUpper Paleolithic
Datesc. 48,000–40,000 BP
Preceded byEmiran
Followed byAhmarian, Levantine Aurignacian, Châtelperronian
The Paleolithic
↑ Pliocene (before Homo)
Lower Paleolithic
 (c. 3.3 Ma – 300 ka)
Middle Paleolithic
 (c. 300–50 ka)
Upper Paleolithic
 (c. 50–12 ka)
Fertile Crescent:

Europe:

Africa:

Siberia:
↓ Mesolithic

The Bohunician is "transitional" between the Mousterian and the Aurignacian, and thus a candidate for representing the first wave of anatomically modern humans in Europe. Its technology resembles the Mousterian Levallois technique, as do the contemporary assemblages of the Szeletian (centered on the Bükk Mountains of Hungary but also present in southern Poland) and the Uluzzian (Italy). [1]

Bohunician assemblages are considered similar to Emiran and Ahmarian ones and Bohunician culture may be linked to them.[1] [2] For this reason, it is thought likely that the Bohunician indicates the presence of anatomically modern humans, but this has not been corrobated by the discovery of any associated human remains.[3]

References
  1. Hoffecker, J. F. (2009). "The spread of modern humans in Europe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (38): 16040–16045. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903446106. PMC 2752585. PMID 19571003.
  2. "The modern human colonization of western Eurasia: when and where?". doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.011. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. Nigst, Philip R.; Haesaerts, Paul; Damblon, Freddy; Frank-Fellner, Christa; Mallol, Carolina; Viola, Bence; Götzinger, Michael; Niven, Laura; Trnka, Gerhard; Hublin, Jean-Jacques (2014). "Early modern human settlement of Europe north of the Alps occurred 43,500 years ago in a cold steppe-type environment". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (40): 14394–14399. doi:10.1073/pnas.1412201111. PMC 4209988. PMID 25246543.
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