Breakthrough of the Year
The Breakthrough of the Year is an annual award for the most significant development in scientific research made by the AAAS journal Science, an academic journal covering all branches of science.[1] Originating in 1989 as the Molecule of the Year,[2] and inspired by Time's Man of the Year, it was renamed the Breakthrough of the Year in 1996.
Molecule of the Year
- 1989 PCR and DNA polymerase[3]
- 1990 the manufacture of synthetic diamonds[4]
- 1991 buckminsterfullerene[5]
- 1992 nitric oxide[6]
- 1993 p53[7]
- 1994 DNA repair enzyme[8]
Breakthrough of the Year
- 1996: Understanding HIV[9]
- 1997: Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells[10]
- 1998: Accelerating universe[11]
- 1999: Prospective stem-cell therapies[12]
- 2000: Full genome sequencing[13]
- 2001: Nanocircuits or Molecular circuit[14]
- 2002: RNA interference[15]
- 2003: Dark energy[16]
- 2004: Spirit rover landed on Mars[17]
- 2005: Evolution in action[18]
- 2006: Proof of the Poincaré conjecture[19]
- 2007: Human genetic variation[20]
- 2008: Cellular reprogramming[21]
- 2009: Ardipithecus ramidus[22]
- 2010: The first quantum machine[23]
- Insights of the Decade:
- The dark genome
- Precision cosmology
- Ancient DNA
- Water on Mars
- Reprogramming cells
- The microbiome
- Exoplanets
- Inflammation
- Metamaterials
- Climate change research
- 2011: HIV treatment as prevention (HPTN 052)[24]
- 2012: Discovery of the Higgs boson[25]
- 2013: Cancer immunotherapy[26]
- 2014: Rosetta comet mission[27]
- 2015: CRISPR genome-editing method [28]
- 2016: First observation of gravitational waves [29][30][31]
- 2017: Neutron star merger (GW170817)[32][33][34]
- 2018: Single cell sequencing[35]
- 2019: A black hole made visible.[36][37]
- 2020: Vaccines against COVID-19, developed and tested at record speed [38]
References
- "Journal metrics". Google Scholar. Retrieved 9 Jul 2020.
- https://www.chronicle.com/article/Science-Names-Molecule-of/69755
- R. L. Guyer & D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1989). "The Molecule of the Year". Science. 246 (4937): 1543–1546. doi:10.1126/science.2688087. PMID 2688087.
- D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1990). "The Molecule of the Year". Science. 250 (4988): 1637. Bibcode:1990Sci...250.1637K. doi:10.1126/science.250.4988.1637. PMID 17734689.
- D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1991). "Molecule of the Year". Science. 254 (5039): 1705. Bibcode:1991Sci...254.1705K. doi:10.1126/science.254.5039.1705. PMID 17829221.
- D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1992). "The Molecule of the Year". Science. 258 (5090): 1861. Bibcode:1992Sci...258.1861K. doi:10.1126/science.1470903. PMID 1470903.
- D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1993). "Molecule of the Year". Science. 262 (5142): 1953. Bibcode:1993Sci...262.1953K. doi:10.1126/science.8266084. PMID 8266084.
- D. E. Koshland, Jr. (1994). "Molecule of the Year: the DNA repair enzyme". Science. 266 (5193): 1925. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1925K. doi:10.1126/science.7801114. PMID 7801114.
- Michael Balter (1996). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. New Hope in HIV Disease". Science. 274 (5295): 1988–1991. Bibcode:1996Sci...274.1988.. doi:10.1126/science.274.5295.1988. PMID 8984652.
- Elizabeth Pennisi (1997). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Cloning: The Lamb That Roared". Science. 278 (5346): 2038–2039. Bibcode:1997Sci...278.2038P. doi:10.1126/science.278.5346.2038. PMID 9432711.
- James Glanz (1998). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. ASTRONOMY: Cosmic Motion Revealed". Science. 282 (5397): 2156–2157. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.2156G. doi:10.1126/science.282.5397.2156a.
- Gretchen Vogel (1999). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Capturing the Promise of Youth". Science. 286 (5448): 2238–2239. doi:10.1126/science.286.5448.2238. PMID 10636772.
- Elizabeth Pennisi (2000). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Genomics Comes of Age". Science. 290 (5500): 2220–2221. doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2220. PMID 11188701.
- Robert F. Service (2001). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Molecules Get Wired". Science. 294 (5551): 2442–2443. doi:10.1126/science.294.5551.2442. PMID 11752536.
- Jennifer Couzin (2002). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Small RNAs Make Big Splash". Science. 298 (5602): 2296–2297. doi:10.1126/science.298.5602.2296. PMID 12493875.
- Charles Seife (2003). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Illuminating the Dark Universe". Science. 302 (5653): 2038–2039. doi:10.1126/science.302.5653.2038. PMID 14684787.
- Richard A. Kerr (2004). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. On Mars, a Second Chance for Life". Science. 306 (5704): 2010–2012. doi:10.1126/science.306.5704.2010. PMID 15604365.
- Elizabeth Culotta, Elizabeth Pennisi (2005). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Evolution in Action". Science. 310 (5756): 1878–1879. doi:10.1126/science.310.5756.1878. PMID 16373538.
- Dana Mackenzie (2006). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The Poincaré Conjecture—Proved". Science. 314 (5807): 1848–1849. doi:10.1126/science.314.5807.1848. PMID 17185565.
- Elizabeth Pennisi (2007). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Human Genetic Variation". Science. 318 (5858): 1842–1843. doi:10.1126/science.318.5858.1842. PMID 18096770.
- Gretchen Vogel (2008). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Reprogramming Cells". Science. 322 (5909): 1766–1767. doi:10.1126/science.322.5909.1766. PMID 19095902.
- Ann Gibbons (2009). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. Ardipithecus ramidus". Science. 326 (5960): 1598–1599. Bibcode:2009Sci...326.1598G. doi:10.1126/science.326.5960.1598-a. PMID 20019252.
- Adrian Cho (2010). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. The First Quantum Machine". Science. 330 (6011): 1604. Bibcode:2010Sci...330.1604C. doi:10.1126/science.330.6011.1604. PMID 21163978.
- Jon Cohen (2011). "BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR. HIV Treatment as Prevention". Science. 334 (6063): 1628. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1628C. doi:10.1126/science.334.6063.1628. PMID 22194547.
- "Breakthrough of the Year, 2012". Science.
- Jenifer Couzin-Franken (20 December 2013). "Cancer Immunotherapy". Science. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
- Eric Hand (19 December 2014). "Comet rendezvous". Science. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- Travis, John (2015-12-18). "Making the cut | Science". Sciencemag.org. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
- Cho, Adrian (2016). "The cosmos aquiver". Science. 354 (6319): 1516–1517. doi:10.1126/science.354.6319.1516. PMID 28008020.
- "Ripples in spacetime: Science's 2016 Breakthrough of the Year". Adiran Cho. AAAS. 22 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- "The runners-up". Science. 354 (6319): 1518–1523. 2016. doi:10.1126/science.354.6319.1518. PMID 28008021.
- "Breakthrough of the year 2017". Science | AAAS. 22 December 2017.
- Cho, Adrian (2017). "Cosmic convergence". Science. 358 (6370): 1520–1521. Bibcode:2017Sci...358.1520C. doi:10.1126/science.358.6370.1520. PMID 29269456.
- Stokstad, Erik; Pennisi, Elizabeth; Kaiser, Jocelyn; Cohen, Jon; Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer; Voosen, Paul; Gibbons, Ann; Cho, Adrian (2017). "The runners up". Science. 358 (6370): 1522–1527. Bibcode:2017Sci...358.1522S. doi:10.1126/science.358.6370.1522. PMID 29269457.
- "Breakthrough of the year 2018". Science | AAAS. 20 December 2018.
- Phelan, Meagan; Beckwith, Walter (19 December 2019). "Science's 2019 Breakthrough: First Image of Supermassive Black Hole". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- American Association for the Advancement of Science (19 December 2019). "Science's 2019 breakthrough of the year: The first image of a black hole". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- | AAAS "Shots of hope" Check
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