Brotia

Brotia is a genus of Southeast Asian freshwater snails, gastropod molluscs in the taxonomic family Pachychilidae.[3]

Brotia
Temporal range: Miocene - recent
Shell of Brotia pagodula
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Clade: Sorbeoconcha
Superfamily: Cerithioidea
Family: Pachychilidae
Genus: Brotia
H. Adams, 1866[1]
Type species
Melania pagodula
Gould, 1847
Synonyms
  • Antimelania P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892[2]
  • Brotia (Brotia) H. Adams, 1866
  • Melania (Brotia) Adams, 1866
  • Wanga Chen, 1943

The generic name Brotia is apparently in honor of a Swiss malacologist Auguste Louis Brot (1821-1896).

Distribution of Brotia

Distribution

Species of Brotia occur in freshwater habitats of Southeast Asia, ranging from Northern India in the west through to Sumatra in the east. This range includes India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China (1 species),[4] Cambodia, Malaysia and Indonesia (Sumatra and Borneo only).

Biology

Species are found predominantly in fast flowing, well oxygenated rivers, occasionally also in lakes. They are gonochoristic, and viviparous, retaining developing eggs and youngs in special brood pouch.

Species

Species within the genus Brotia include:

  • † Brotia alpina (F. Sandberger, 1871)
  • Brotia annamita Köhler, Holford M., Do & Ho, 2009[5]
  • Brotia angulifera Brot, 1872 - incertae sedis[3]
  • Brotia armata (Brandt, 1874)[3]
  • Brotia assamensis (Nevill, 1885) - incertae sedis[3]
  • Brotia beaumetzi (Brot, 1887) - incertae sedis[3]
  • Brotia binodosa (Blanford, 1903)[3]
  • † Brotia bittneri (Oppenheim, 1895)
  • Brotia boenana (Brot, 1881)
  • Brotia borneensis (Schepman, 1896) - incertae sedis[3]
  • † Brotia castellaunensis (Boussac, 1911)
  • Brotia citrina (Brot, 1868)[3]
  • Brotia clavaeformis (Brot, 1874)
  • Brotia costula (Rafinesque, 1833)[3][6]
  • Brotia cylindrus (Brot, 1886) - incertae sedis[3]
  • Brotia dautzenbergiana (Morlet, 1884)[3]
  • Brotia episcopalis (H. Lea & I. Lea, 1851)[3]
  • Brotia godwini (Brot, 1875)[3]
  • Brotia henriettae (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834)[3]
  • Brotia herculea (Gould, 1846)[3]
  • Brotia hoabinhensis Köhler, Holford, Do & Ho, 2009[5]
  • Brotia indragirica (von Martens, 1900)[3]
  • Brotia insolita (Brot, 1868)[3]
  • Brotia iravadica (Blanford, 1869)[3]
  • Brotia jullieni (Deshayes, 1874)[3]
  • Brotia kelantanesis (Preston, 1907)[3]
  • Brotia laodelectata Köhler, 2008
  • † Brotia lhazeensis Yü, 1982
  • † Brotia lombersensis (Noulet, 1867)
  • † Brotia majevitzae (Oppenheim, 1901)
  • Brotia manningi Brandt, 1968[3]
  • Brotia mariae Köhler, 2008
  • Brotia microsculpta Brandt, 1968[3]
  • Brotia pageli (Thiele, 1908)[6]
  • Brotia pagodula (Gould, 1847)[3][6] - type species[5]
  • † Brotia palaeocostula Gurung, Takayasu & Matsuoka, 1997
  • Brotia paludiformis (Solem, 1966)[3]
  • Brotia peninsularis (Brandt, 1974)[3]
  • Brotia persculpta (Ehrmann, 1922)
  • Brotia praetermissa Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2002[3]
  • Brotia pseudoasperata Brandt, 1968[3]
  • Brotia pseudosulcospira (Brandt, 1968)[3]
  • Brotia siamensis (Brot, 1886)[3]
  • Brotia solemiana (Brandt, 1968)[3]
  • Brotia sooloensis (Reeve, 1859) - incertae sedis[3]
  • Brotia spinata (Godwin-Austen, 1872) - incertae sedis[3]
  • Brotia subgloriosa (Brandt, 1968)[3]
  • Brotia sumatrensis (Brot, 1875)[3]
  • Brotia torquata (von dem Busch, 1842)[3]
  • Brotia verbecki (Brot, 1886)[3]
  • Brotia wykoffi (Brandt, 1974)[3]
  • Brotia yunnanensis Köhler, Du & Yang, 2010[4]
  • Brotia zonata (Benson, 1836) - incertae sedis[3]

Synonyms:

  • Brotia asperata (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Jagora asperata (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Brotia baccata (Gould, 1847): synonym of Brotia henriettae (Gray, 1834)
  • Brotia delavayana Heude, 1888 : synonym of Sulcospira delavayana (Heude, 1888)
  • † Brotia escheri aquitanica (Noulet, 1846): synonym of † Tinnyea aquitanica (Noulet, 1846)
  • † Brotia escheri auingeri (Handmann, 1882): synonym of † Tinnyea lauraea (Matheron, 1842)
  • Brotia hainanensis (Brot, 1872):[6] synonym of Sulcospira hainanensis (Brot, 1874)
  • Brotia hamonvillei : synonym of Sulcospira tonkiniana (Morelet, 1886)
  • Brotia infracostata (Mousson, 1848): synonym of Sulcospira infracostata (Mousson, 1848)
  • Brotia proteus (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1908): synonym of Sulcospira dakrongensis Köhler, Holford, Do & Ho, 2009
  • Brotia swinhoei (H. Adams, 1870): synonym of Sulcospira swinhoei (H. Adams, 1870)
  • Brotia testudinaria (von dem Busch, 1842):[6] synonym of Sulcospira testudinaria (von dem Busch, 1842)
  • Brotia tourannensis: synonym of Sulcospira tourannensis (Souleyet, 1852)
  • Brotia variabilis (Benson, 1836): synonym of Brotia costula (Rafinesque, 1833)

Variability of shells of Brotia (images in the first row are in the same ratio):

Brotia citrina
Brotia episcopalis
Brotia pagodula
Brotia sumatrensis
Brotia verbecki

References
  1. Adams H. (1866). "Description of a new genus and a new species of mollusks". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 150-151.
  2. Fischer P. & Crosse H. (1892). "Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Centrale". Recherches zoologiques, Partie 7, 2(13): 117-392.
  3. Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2006). "A systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae)". Malacologia 48: 159-251.
  4. Köhler F., Du L.-N. & Yang J.-X. (2010). "A new species of Brotia from Yunnan, China (Caenogastropoda, Pachychilidae)". Zoosystematics and Evolution 86(2): 295-300. doi:10.1002/zoos.201000012.
  5. Köhler F., Holford, Do V. T. & Ho T. H. (2009). "Exploring a largely unknown fauna: On the diversity of pachychilid freshwater gastropods in Vietnam (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea)". Molluscan Research 29(3): 121-146. abstract.
  6. Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2001). "Toward a systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia H. – Adams, 1866 (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae): an account of species from around the South China Sea". Journal of Molluscan Studies 67(3): 281-318. doi:10.1093/mollus/67.3.281
  • Köhler F. & Deein G. (2010). "Hybridisation as potential source of incongruence in the morphological and mitochondrial diversity of a Thai freshwater gastropod (Pachychilidae, Brotia H. Adarns, 1866)". Zoosystematics and Evolution 86(2): 301-314. doi:10.1002/zoos.201000013.
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