Cardigan Castle

Cardigan Castle (Welsh: Castell Aberteifi) is a castle overlooking the River Teifi in Cardigan, Ceredigion, Wales. It is a Grade I listed building.[3] The castle dates from the late 11th-century, though was rebuilt in 1244. Castle Green House was built inside the castle walls in the early 1800s. After falling into disrepair the castle was restored in the early 2000s and opened to the public in 2015. It is owned by Ceredigion County Council and now includes a heritage centre and open-air concert facilities.

Cardigan Castle
Cardigan, Wales
Restoration work at Castle Green House, 2004
Cardigan Castle
Coordinates52.0815°N 4.6605°W / 52.0815; -4.6605
Grid referencegrid reference SN17704594
TypeMotte and bailey
Site information
OwnerCeredigion County Council
Open to
the public		Yes
ConditionRestored[1]
Site history
MaterialsStone
EventsSite of first Eisteddfod (1176)[2]
Listed Building – Grade I

History
Cardigan Castle, c. 1763–1770

The first motte-and-bailey castle (ca.1093) was built a mile away from the present site,[4] probably about the time of the founding of the town by Roger de Montgomery, a Norman baron.

The forerunner of the present castle was built by Gilbert Fitz Richard Lord of Clare after the former was destroyed. The castle was handed down to Gilbert's son, Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke in 1136. The same year, Owain Gwynedd led the defeat of the Norman rulers in the town of Cardigan at the Battle of Crug Mawr. The town was taken and burnt, though the castle was successfully defended by Normans commanded by Robert fitz Martin.

The castle was later recaptured by the Normans, and was held for Earl Roger of Hertford. In 1166 it was captured by Rhys ap Gruffydd, who rebuilt it in stone in 1171. In 1176 the first recorded eisteddfod was held at the castle.[4]

After Rhys's death in 1197 his sons, Maelgwn and Gruffydd, disputed their inheritance resulting in Maelgwn surrendering Gruffydd to the Normans and selling the castle to King John. The castle was later held for William Marshall.

Llywelyn the Great captured it in 1215[4] and at the parliament held at Aberdyfi in 1216 made it over to the sons of Gruffydd ap Rhys of Deheubarth, but in 1223 William Marshall the Younger recaptured it. In 1231 the castle was again captured for Llywelyn by Rhys Gryg and his allies. Llywelyn held it until his death in 1240. On Llywelyn's death it fell back into Norman hands, and in 1244 Earl Gilbert of Pembroke rebuilt it with town walls for added protection. It is the remains of this building that still stands overlooking the river.

It was badly damaged during the English Civil War in Wales and until the 18th century it was only used as a prison.

Sometime between 1805 and 1808 the castle owner, John Bowen, arranged the construction of Castle Green House within the castle walls. The front range was added in 1827.[4]

In 1940 the castle and house was bought by a shipping magnate[5] His daughter, Barbara Wood, and her mother moved into Castle Green House but this slowly fell into disrepair[6] and was allowed to decay further by the owner to the extent that the outer castle walls needed supporting. Miss Woods continued to occupy the castle for almost 60 years, despite attempts by the local authority to take over the castle in 1971[5] and Castle Green House being declared unfit for human habitation in 1984.[6]

21st century
Cardigan Castle ramparts, photographed in 2006 with some walls held up by temporary buttresses.

Miss Wood, the castle's last occupant, finally left the castle in 1996 to be cared for in a nursing home.[6] Faced with six years of nursing costs, she put the castle up for private sale in 2001.[7] The castle was purchased by Ceredigion County Council in April 2003 and repairs began as part of the regeneration of Cardigan. In 2004 Castle Green House appeared on the BBC's second series of Restoration, presented by Griff Rhys Jones.[8]:148–155

Renovation work continued for some years after its purchase by the Council,[9] and the castle was opened to the public on 15 April 2015[10] with a concert held in July 2015.[11] The new facilities include bed-and-breakfast and self-catering accommodation, a heritage centre with education facilities, a restaurant, an events and open-air concert area, and rooms for hire for classes.[12]

Further reading
  • Holland, Edward (2012). "Cardigan Castle: Rescue and Regeneration" (PDF). Transactions of the Ancient Monuments Society. London. 56: 54–67. ISSN 0951-001X. Retrieved 14 November 2014.

See also

References
  1. Murray, Matt (14 April 2015). "Cardigan Castle reopens following £12m restoration project". bbc.co.uk. BBC News. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  2. "The first eisteddfod ". discoverceredigion.co.uk. Ceredigion County Council. 2015. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  3. Cadw. "Cardigan Castle  (Grade I) (10458)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  4. "History". Cardigancastle.com. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  5. Madigan, Nick (4 January 2003). "The Poor Woman Is Gone And Her Castle's Besieged". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  6. "Cardigan Castle chapter closes with death of last private owner". Tivy-Side Advertiser. 13 February 2009. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  7. Lewis, Mike (9 March 2002). "Trash or a national treasure?". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  8. Wilkinson, Philip (2004). Restoration – the story continues ... London: English Heritage. ISBN 1-85074-914-0.
  9. "Restoration works start inside Cardigan Castle". Tivy-Side Advertiser. 15 February 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  10. Steven Morris (14 April 2015). "Cardigan Castle to reopen after £12m restoration" (The Guardian). Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  11. "Festival favourites Bellowhead to headline Cardigan Castle opening concert". Tivyside Advertiser. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  12. "Cardigan Castle home page". Cardigan Castle. Archived from the original on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
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