Carlo Marochetti

Baron Pietro Carlo Giovanni Battista Marochetti RA (14 January 1805 – 29 December 1867) was an Italian-born French sculptor belonging to the Sardinian nobility, who worked in France, Italy and Britain. He completed public sculptures, often in a neo-classical style, plus reliefs and large equestrian monuments in bronze and marble. In 1848, Marochetti settled in England, where he received commissions from Queen Victoria, and was made a baron in Italy and was awarded the Legion of Honour by the French government.[1]

Carlo Marochetti
Marochetti by Antoine Claudet
Born
Pietro Carlo Giovanni Battista Marochetti

(1805-01-14)14 January 1805
Turin, Italy
Died29 December 1867(1867-12-29) (aged 62)
Passy, France
NationalityItalian
EducationÉcole des Beaux-Arts, Paris
Known forSculpture, Public monuments

Biography

Carlo Marochetti was born in Turin, where his father, Vincenzo, was a priest and professor at Turin University, but after the family moved to France, he was brought up in Paris as a French citizen. He studied at the Lycée Napoléon and then studied sculpture at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris where his teachers were François Joseph Bosio and Antoine-Jean Gros.[2][3] There his statue of A Young Girl playing with a Dog won a medal in 1829, and his Fallen Angel was exhibited in 1831. Between 1822 and 1830 he studied chiefly in Rome where his mother had settled. While in Rome he collaborated with François-Joseph Duret and Antoine Étex and worked briefly at the studio of Bertel Thorvaldsen. He adopted the neo-classical Romantic school of sculpture. From 1832 to 1848 he lived in Paris, France. He married Camille de Maussion in 1835 and they would have two sons and a daughter.[4]

While in Paris, Marochetti took up commissions for a relief panel of the Battle of Jemappes for the Arc de Triomphe and the Elevation of Mary Magdalene for the altar of the Church of La Madeleine.[3] He rapidly gained fame after this and made several equestrian statues including those of Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy in Turin and of Ferdinand, Duke of Orleans. Marochetti followed the French king Louis-Philippe into exile in the United Kingdom after the fall of the July monarchy in 1848.

Busts of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert

Marochetti spent the greater part of his time from then until his death in London. He lived in Onslow Square, and maintained a large studio and his own foundry, nearby in Sydney Mews.[5] Among his chief works were statues of Queen Victoria, Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde (erected 1867 in Waterloo Place), and King Richard the Lionheart. The Richard Coeur de Lion (statue) was displayed in the Great Exhibition, and a bronze copy was made in 1860 to be displayed in front of the Palace of Westminster on the orders of Prince Albert. His major commissions were for equestrian monuments and mourning seraphim. Equestrian statues include those of Viscount Combermere in Chester and Sir Mark Cubbon in Bangalore. Monuments with mourning seraphim include those in St. Paul's Cathedral, the Scutari obelisk in Turkey, and the Cawnpore memorial in India.[4]

Marochetti's statue of Robert Stephenson, from 1871, still stands in the forecourt of Euston Station. He made a bust of William Makepeace Thackeray for Westminster Abbey. He also created the marble recumbent effigies for the tomb of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in the Royal Mausoleum at Frogmore in Windsor Great Park and the statue on the Duke of Wellington Commemorative Column outside Stratfield Saye House.

From 1864 Marochetti collaborated with Sir Edwin Landseer on the four bronze lions to be placed around the base of Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square, and cast them at his foundry.[5] He experimented in coloured marbles following the work of John Gibson and a coloured statuette of Queen Victoria was exhibited at Bayswater studio but is now lost.[4]

As a favourite sculptor of Queen Victoria, Marochetti was commissioned to make the seated figure of Prince Albert for the Albert Memorial in Kensington Gardens. However the first version was rejected by the architect of the monument, Sir George Gilbert Scott, and Marochetti died before a satisfactory second version could be completed.[6] He designed Queen Victoria's memorial to Princess Elizabeth and a bust of Prince Albert at Newport Minster on the Isle of Wight.[7]

Marochetti was created a baron by the King of Sardinia and was also a chevalier of the Legion of Honour. He was elected an associate of the Royal Academy 1861 and a full academician in 1866.[2] Marochetti died, suddenly, at Passy in Paris and was buried at the Vaux-sur-Seine cemetery.[4]

Selected public works

1830-1839
Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates		 Date TypeMaterialDimensions DesignationWikidata Notes

More images		 Tommaso grave Père-Lachaise cemetery, Paris PillarStone

More images		 Grave of Vincenzo Bellini Père-Lachaise cemetery, Paris Obelisk with reliefsStone Architect: Guillaume-Abel Blouet

More images		 Battle of Jemappes East facade of the Arc de Triomphe, Paris 1834 Relief panelStone18m x 3.5m

More images		 Marochetti tomb Père-Lachaise cemetery, Paris 1838 TombStone

More images		 Statue of Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy Piazza San Carlo, Turin 1838 Equestrian statue on pedestal with relief panelsBronze and stone Q3663864

1840-1849
Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates		 Date TypeMaterialDimensions DesignationWikidata Notes

More images		 Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne Carhaix-Plouguer, Brittany c.1840 Statue on pedestal with relief panelsBronze and stone

More images		 Mary Magdalen Exalted by Angels La Madeleine, Paris c.1842 Sculpture group and alterMarble

More images		 Claude Louis Berthollet Jardins de I'Europe, Annecy 1843 Statue on pedestalBronze and stone Q56716583

More images		 Statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow 1844 Equestrian statue on pedestal with relief panelsBronze and granite Category AQ7981506 [8]

More images		 Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans Eu, Seine-Maritime, France 1845 Equestrian statue on pedestalBronze and stone

1850-1859
Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates		 Date TypeMaterialDimensions DesignationWikidata Notes

More images		 Queen Victoria George Square, Glasgow 1854 Equestrian statue on pedestal with relief panelsBronze and granite Category AQ17567473 First equestrian statue of a woman in Britain.[9]

More images		 Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Woodhouse Moor, Leeds 1854, erected 1858 Statue on pedestalBronze and granite Grade IIQ26656015 [10]
James Oswald George Square, Glasgow 1855 Statue on pedestalBronze and granite Category BQ17792900 [11]

More images		 Statue of Richard Coeur de Lion Palace of Westminster, London 1856 Equestrian statue on pedestalBronze and granite Grade IIQ7324819 [12]
Arthur Wellesley Torrens St Paul's Cathedral, London Relef plaqueMarble Attributed to Marochetti

1860 and later
Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates		 Date TypeMaterialDimensions DesignationWikidata Notes

More images		 Clive of India The Square, Shrewsbury c.1860 Statue on pedestalBronze and granite Grade IIQ26546539 [13]

More images		 Charles Albert of Sardinia Piazza Carlo Alberto, Turin 1861 Equestrian statue on pedestal with statues at baseBronze and stone Q21141719

More images		 George Cornewall Lewis St Peter's Square, Hereford c.1864 Statue on pedestalBronze and granite Grade IIQ47472418 [14]

More images		 Statue of Viscount Combermere Grosvenor Road, Chester 1865 Equestrian statue on pedestalBronze and granite7.1m tall Grade II*Q15978984 [15]
Albert, Prince Consort Union Terrace, Aberdeen 1865 Statue on pedestalBronze and granite Category BQ17770085 [16]
Albert, Prince Consort George Square, Glasgow 1866 Equestrian statue on pedestalBronze and granite Category AQ17567468 [17]
Statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington The Wellington Monument, Stratfield Saye House, Hampshire 1866 StatueBronze Grade IIQ26384539 [18]
Statue of Mark Cubbon Cubbon Park, Bangalore 1866 Equestrian statue on pedestalBronze and stone Q97183425 [19]

More images		 Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde Waterloo Place, London 1867 Statue on piller with statues at baseBronze and granite Grade IIQ27083599 [20]

More images		 Statue of Robert Stephenson Euston station, London Erected 1870 Statue on pedestalBronze and granite Grade IIQ27084501 [21]

More images		 Statue of Isambard Kingdom Brunel Victoria Embankment, London c.1877 Statue on pedestal with surrounding screenBronze and Portland stone Grade IIQ20829598 Pedestal by Richard Norman Shaw.[22]

More images		 Jonas Webb High Street, Babraham, Cambridgeshire Late 19th century Statue on pedestalBronze and stone Grade IIQ26616046 [23]

References
  1. Ian Chilvers (2004). The Oxford Dictionary of Art. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0 19 860476 9.
  2. University of Glasgow History of Art / HATII (2011). "Baron (Pietro) Carlo Giovanni Battista Marochetti". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain & Ireland 1851–1951. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  3. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Marochetti, Carlo" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 747.
  4. Ward-Jackson, P. (2008). "Marochetti, (Pietro) Carlo Giovanni Battista, Baron Marochetti in the nobility of Sardinia (1805–1867), sculptor". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18085.
  5. F. H. W. Sheppard (General Editor) (1983). "The Smith's Charity Estate: Charles James Freake and Onslow Square Gardens". Survey of London: volume 41: Brompton. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  6. "Albert Memorial: The memorial". british-history.ac.uk.
  7. Page, William (ed.) (1912). "A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 5. Parishes: Newport". Victoria County History of Hampshire. British History Online. pp. 253–265. Retrieved 3 May 2017.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  8. Historic Environment Scotland. "Queen Street Duke of Wellington Statue  (Category A Listed Building) (LB32823)". Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  9. Historic Environment Scotland. "George Square, Queen Victoria Statue  (Category A Listed Building) (LB32702)". Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  10. Historic England. "Statue of Duke of Wellington on south-east corner of Woodhouse Moor (1375204)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  11. Historic Environment Scotland. "George Square, James Oswald Statue  (Category B Listed Building) (LB32699)". Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  12. Historic England. "Statue of Richard I (1225624)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  13. Historic England. "Statue of Lord Clive (1254926)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  14. Historic England. "Statue of Sir George Cornewall Lewis (1196885)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  15. Historic England. "Equestrian Statue of Stapleton Cotton Viscount Combermere (1197697)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  16. Historic Environment Scotland. "Albert, Prince, Statue, Union Terrace  (Category B Listed Building) (LB20001)". Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  17. Historic Environment Scotland. "George Square, Prince Albert Statue  (Category A Listed Building) (LB32701)". Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  18. Historic England. "Wellington Monument (1092251)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  19. "Case of controversial statue comes to an end". Bangalore Mirror. 30 June 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  20. Historic England. "Statue of Sir Colin Campbell, Lord Clyde (1273744)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  21. Historic England. "Statue of Robert Stephenson in Euston Station forecourt (1342041)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  22. Historic England. "Statue of I K Brunel (1357346)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  23. Historic England. "Statue of Jonas Webb opposite Chalk Farmhouse (1331112)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
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