Cheshvan

Marcheshvan (Hebrew: מַרְחֶשְׁוָן‎, Standard Marḥešvan, Tiberian Marḥešwān, Yemenite Meraḥšǝwan; from Akkadian waraḫsamnu, literally, "eighth month"), sometimes shortened to Cheshvan (חֶשְׁוָן‎, Standard Ḥešvan Tiberian Ḥešwān), is the second month of the civil year (which starts on 1 Tishrei), and the eighth month of the ecclesiastical year (which starts on 1 Nisan) on the Hebrew calendar.

← Tishrei       Marcheshvan (מַרְחֶשְׁוָן‎)       Kislev →
Great Flood
The Great Flood, which according to the Bible
wiped out the world, started in Marcheshvan.
Month number: 8
Number of days: 29 (sometimes 30)
Season: Autumn (Northern Hemisphere)
Gregorian equivalent: October–November

In a regular (kesidran) year, Marcheshvan has 29 days, but because of the Rosh Hashanah postponement rules, in some years, an additional day is added to Marcheshvan to make the year a "full" (maleh) year. Marcheshvan is a month which occurs in October–November in the Gregorian calendar.

The Hebrew Bible, before the Babylonian Exile, refers to the month as Bul (1 Kings 6:38). In Sidon, the reference to Bul is also made on the Sarcophaugus of Eshmunazar II dated to the early 5th century BC.

Etymology

Compared to its Akkadian etymon waraḫsamnu, the name Marḥešvan displays the same lenition of ungeminated מ‎ /m/ to ו‎ /v/ found in other month names (Tammuz traditionally contains mem with dagesh). Uniquely to this name the initial ו‎ has also changed to מ‎, giving the overall effect of a metathesis. In the modern form, with the connection to the roots "moon, month" w-r-ḥ and "eight" š-m-n no longer apparent, the first two letters מַר‎ (mar) have been re-interpreted as the Hebrew word for bitter, alluding to the fact that the month has no holidays or fasts.[1]

Events in Marcheshvan
  • 7 Marcheshvan – V'tein Tal u-Matar ("Deliver Dew and Rain"), a prayer, is added to the Shemoneh Esrei prayers in Israel. If no rain has fallen by the 17th of the month, special prayers are added for rain.[1]
  • Bahab – According to most minhagim, on the first Sabbath of Cheshvan, a prayer is recited on behalf of all those who are going to fast on Bahab. Bahab, or in Hebrew בהב‎, stands for 2, 5, 2, i.e., Monday (2nd day of the week), Thursday (5th day), and another Monday. On the Monday, Thursday, and second Monday after the Sabbath, the minhag is to fast and/or to recite penitential prayers called Selichot. According to Minhag Ashkenaz, the second Monday of Bahab is the Monday before Rosh Chodesh Kislev, the Thursday is the Thursday preceding that, the first Monday is the Monday preceding that, and the Sabbath in which the prayer is recited is the Sabbath preceding that. Bahab is also observed at the beginning of Iyar.
  • Sigd – The Ethiopian Jewish community celebrates Sigd on the 29th day of Marcheshvan, 50 days from Yom Kippur, analogous to counting 50 days from Pesach to Shavuos. Sigd has been recognised as a holiday by the Israeli Knesset in July 2008.

Marcheshvan in Jewish history and tradition

References
  1. "Cheshvan". Orthodox Union. 2014-02-13. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
  2. Confino, Alon. "Why the Nazis Burned the Hebrew Bible", Commentary, vol. 137, no. 6, June 2014, pp. 30–34. EBSCOhost.
  3. 1 Kings 6:38
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